Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

IGCSE Edexcel human biology > Term 1 Lesson 14: Mental illness & drugs > Flashcards

Term 1 Lesson 14: Mental illness & drugs Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

If users share a needle with other uses what disease could they catch.

A

HIV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are some of the symptoms from withdrawing from heroin?

A
  • sweats
    -chills
    -severe stomach and muscle aches
    -vomiting
    -cramps
    -diarrhoea
    -anxiety
    -depression
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Heroin is very _________________and users gain a quick ______________ (need more drug to get the same feeling). They may turn to ________________to feed their addiction. Their ______________________________________ might be affected.

A
  • addictive
    *tolerance
  • crime
  • family, work and social life
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What effects does heroin have on the user (what does it do)?

A
  • cause intense pleasure
  • slows down the immune system which makes user feel sleepy and relaxed
  • if heart rate drops too low it can cause death.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where else is diamorphine used and what for does it treat?

A

used to help reduce pain especially in cancer patients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Heroin and diamorphine (legal medical equivalent) are narcotics. What do they cause?

A

drowsiness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How do users take heroin?

A

They inject, smoke or inhale the drug.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where is heroin from?

A

poppy plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does cocaine do to the body?

A
  • raises heart rate and blood pressure.

This then results in:

-dizziness
-nose bleeds
-muscle twitches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are some negative effcts of cocaine?

A
  • irritability
  • paranoia
  • high doses cause violent behaviour
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cocaine is a stimulant so what effects does it have?

A
  • happiness and energy
  • mental alertness
  • increased awareness of sounds, light and touch
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is cocaine?

A

A local anaesthetic but is more commonly snorted through the nose as an illegal drug.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is cocaine made from?

A

The Erythroxylum coca plant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What organ can smoking cannibis damage?

A

Lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

negative effects some may find when smoking cannabis

A
  • confusion
  • hallucinations
  • anxiety
    depression
  • suicidal thoughts.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are some positive effects of smoking cannibis?

A
  • relaxation
  • happiness
  • appreciation of colours and sounds.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The effects of cannibis is caused by what psychoactive substance?

A

THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Give two other names for cannibis?

A

-marijuana
-hashish

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Name 3 different types of illegal drugs?

A

-cannabis
-cocaine
-heroin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Alcohol enters the body from the _________________ into the ____________. The _______________ breaks down the alcohol so it can be removed. If it deals with excessive alcohol it can be damaged.

A
  • stomach and small intestines
  • blood
  • liver
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Alcohol is addictive. If users drink regularly for a long time, they can develop what?

A
  • fatal liver cirrhosis
22
Q

What can drinking very high levels of alcohol cause?

A
  • coma
  • death
23
Q

Drinking causes:

A
  • slurred speech
  • blurred vision
  • impaired balance.
24
Q

What does alcohol do to the body?

A

Slow the nervous system down

25
Q

What is the chemical that creates the affects in beer, wine and spirits like gin.

A

Ethanol

26
Q

What 2 things can an overdose do?

A
  • cause permanent liver damge
  • death
27
Q

If paracetamol blocks _______________ the pain is _______________

A
  • prostaglandins
  • block
28
Q

What is Prostaglandin?

A

A molecule that makes you feel pain and gives you a fever.

29
Q

What is a enzyme?

A

A molecule that speeds up reactions

30
Q

What does paracetomal do?

A

Treats minor illness like apins from cold, flue, headaches and toothaches

30
Q

Name 2 types of legal drugs

A
  • alcohol
  • paracetomal
30
Q

How do they think paracetomal works?

A

By stopping an enzyme releasing prostaglandins

31
Q
  • Schizophrenics have high ___________________ levels. Antipsychotics _______________dopamine levels _________________ do not touch each other. To pass a message from one neuron to the next it must jump across the gap _________________ between. It jumps with a _______________________ When a message reaches the end of a neuron a ___________________ is released. It travels across the gap to the next ___________________. Once inside the message can continue on its journey.
  • Antipsychotics prevent the ___________________ from passing the synapse. This ________________ the dopamine levels in schizophrenics reducing their symptoms.
  • ___________________________ can also affect dopamine (and other neurotransmitter) levels.
  • Any drug treatment carries the risk of ____________________________
A
  • dopamine
  • lower
  • Neurons
  • synapse
  • neurotransmitter
  • neurotransmitter
  • neuron
  • dopamine
  • lowers
  • antidepressants
  • side effects
32
Q

Dopamine is a __________________________. This is a chemical that carries a nerve impulse across a ______________________.

A
  • neurotransmitter
  • synapse
33
Q

What does antisphychotic drugs do?

A

Lower dopimine levels

34
Q

Drug treatment that can help people who are schizophrenic

A

antipsychotics

35
Q

Name a Drug treatment that can help with depression?

A

antidepressant

36
Q

What happens during family intervention?

A
  • Family are encouraged to share their thoughts and skills to problem solve and improve their family life.
  • The aim is to improve communication between members.
37
Q

What do sufferes do in talking therapy?

A
  • Talk about their emotions, thoughts and behaviour.
  • They are encouraged to self-assess how these result in depression to find coping mechanisms to improve.
38
Q

What are talking therapies useful for?

A

depression and schizophrenia

39
Q

Give an advantage of talking therapy?

A

No side affects

40
Q

Two types of non-drug treatment

A
  • CBT (Cognitive behavioural therapy)
  • Family intervention therapy
41
Q

Treatment for schizophrenia

A
  • Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)
  • Family intervention therapy
  • Antipsychotic drugs (tranquilisers)
42
Q

Causes of schizophrenia

A
  • High dopamine levels
  • Drug abuse
  • Genetics (runs in families)
  • Stress
43
Q

Schizophrenia symptoms

A
  • Visual hallucinations (see things that are not there)
  • Auditory hallucinations (hearing things that aren’t there)
  • Delusional (believing false things to be true)
  • Paranoia (being suspicious of people around you)
  • Anxious, confused, avoiding people
  • Not aware of surroundings (disconnected) and no interests
44
Q

Treatment for depression

A
  • Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)
  • Antidepressants
  • Treatment may be one of these or both.
45
Q

Causes of depression

A
  • Poor physical health
  • Childhood trauma
  • Life-changing event
  • Drug or alcohol abuse
  • Having other mental illnesses
  • Genetics (runs in families)
46
Q

Symtoms of depression

A
47
Q
A

Low self-esteem, nothing is enjoyable
Cannot relate to other people. Feel alone.
Restless or irritable
Sense of unreality
Symptoms last for a prolonged period of time (from days to years)

48
Q

Two examples of mental illness

A
  • Depression
  • schizophrenia
49
Q

Things that mental illness can affect?

A
  • Family
  • work
  • social life
50
Q

________________________ is any health condition that involves abnormal changes in a person’s _______________________________________.

A
  • mental illness
  • thoughts, emotions and behaviour

IGCSE Edexcel human biology (46 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions