Term 1 Lesson 14: Mental illness & drugs Flashcards
If users share a needle with other uses what disease could they catch.
HIV
What are some of the symptoms from withdrawing from heroin?
- sweats
-chills
-severe stomach and muscle aches
-vomiting
-cramps
-diarrhoea
-anxiety
-depression
Heroin is very _________________and users gain a quick ______________ (need more drug to get the same feeling). They may turn to ________________to feed their addiction. Their ______________________________________ might be affected.
- addictive
*tolerance - crime
- family, work and social life
What effects does heroin have on the user (what does it do)?
- cause intense pleasure
- slows down the immune system which makes user feel sleepy and relaxed
- if heart rate drops too low it can cause death.
Where else is diamorphine used and what for does it treat?
used to help reduce pain especially in cancer patients
Heroin and diamorphine (legal medical equivalent) are narcotics. What do they cause?
drowsiness
How do users take heroin?
They inject, smoke or inhale the drug.
Where is heroin from?
poppy plants
What does cocaine do to the body?
- raises heart rate and blood pressure.
This then results in:
-dizziness
-nose bleeds
-muscle twitches
what are some negative effcts of cocaine?
- irritability
- paranoia
- high doses cause violent behaviour
Cocaine is a stimulant so what effects does it have?
- happiness and energy
- mental alertness
- increased awareness of sounds, light and touch
What is cocaine?
A local anaesthetic but is more commonly snorted through the nose as an illegal drug.
What is cocaine made from?
The Erythroxylum coca plant
What organ can smoking cannibis damage?
Lungs
negative effects some may find when smoking cannabis
- confusion
- hallucinations
- anxiety
depression - suicidal thoughts.
What are some positive effects of smoking cannibis?
- relaxation
- happiness
- appreciation of colours and sounds.
The effects of cannibis is caused by what psychoactive substance?
THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol)
Give two other names for cannibis?
-marijuana
-hashish
Name 3 different types of illegal drugs?
-cannabis
-cocaine
-heroin
Alcohol enters the body from the _________________ into the ____________. The _______________ breaks down the alcohol so it can be removed. If it deals with excessive alcohol it can be damaged.
- stomach and small intestines
- blood
- liver
Alcohol is addictive. If users drink regularly for a long time, they can develop what?
- fatal liver cirrhosis
What can drinking very high levels of alcohol cause?
- coma
- death
Drinking causes:
- slurred speech
- blurred vision
- impaired balance.
What does alcohol do to the body?
Slow the nervous system down
What is the chemical that creates the affects in beer, wine and spirits like gin.
Ethanol
What 2 things can an overdose do?
- cause permanent liver damge
- death
If paracetamol blocks _______________ the pain is _______________
- prostaglandins
- block
What is Prostaglandin?
A molecule that makes you feel pain and gives you a fever.
What is a enzyme?
A molecule that speeds up reactions
What does paracetomal do?
Treats minor illness like apins from cold, flue, headaches and toothaches
Name 2 types of legal drugs
- alcohol
- paracetomal
How do they think paracetomal works?
By stopping an enzyme releasing prostaglandins
- Schizophrenics have high ___________________ levels. Antipsychotics _______________dopamine levels _________________ do not touch each other. To pass a message from one neuron to the next it must jump across the gap _________________ between. It jumps with a _______________________ When a message reaches the end of a neuron a ___________________ is released. It travels across the gap to the next ___________________. Once inside the message can continue on its journey.
- Antipsychotics prevent the ___________________ from passing the synapse. This ________________ the dopamine levels in schizophrenics reducing their symptoms.
- ___________________________ can also affect dopamine (and other neurotransmitter) levels.
- Any drug treatment carries the risk of ____________________________
- dopamine
- lower
- Neurons
- synapse
- neurotransmitter
- neurotransmitter
- neuron
- dopamine
- lowers
- antidepressants
- side effects
Dopamine is a __________________________. This is a chemical that carries a nerve impulse across a ______________________.
- neurotransmitter
- synapse
What does antisphychotic drugs do?
Lower dopimine levels
Drug treatment that can help people who are schizophrenic
antipsychotics
Name a Drug treatment that can help with depression?
antidepressant
What happens during family intervention?
- Family are encouraged to share their thoughts and skills to problem solve and improve their family life.
- The aim is to improve communication between members.
What do sufferes do in talking therapy?
- Talk about their emotions, thoughts and behaviour.
- They are encouraged to self-assess how these result in depression to find coping mechanisms to improve.
What are talking therapies useful for?
depression and schizophrenia
Give an advantage of talking therapy?
No side affects
Two types of non-drug treatment
- CBT (Cognitive behavioural therapy)
- Family intervention therapy
Treatment for schizophrenia
- Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)
- Family intervention therapy
- Antipsychotic drugs (tranquilisers)
Causes of schizophrenia
- High dopamine levels
- Drug abuse
- Genetics (runs in families)
- Stress
Schizophrenia symptoms
- Visual hallucinations (see things that are not there)
- Auditory hallucinations (hearing things that aren’t there)
- Delusional (believing false things to be true)
- Paranoia (being suspicious of people around you)
- Anxious, confused, avoiding people
- Not aware of surroundings (disconnected) and no interests
Treatment for depression
- Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)
- Antidepressants
- Treatment may be one of these or both.
Causes of depression
- Poor physical health
- Childhood trauma
- Life-changing event
- Drug or alcohol abuse
- Having other mental illnesses
- Genetics (runs in families)
Symtoms of depression
Low self-esteem, nothing is enjoyable
Cannot relate to other people. Feel alone.
Restless or irritable
Sense of unreality
Symptoms last for a prolonged period of time (from days to years)
Two examples of mental illness
- Depression
- schizophrenia
Things that mental illness can affect?
- Family
- work
- social life
________________________ is any health condition that involves abnormal changes in a person’s _______________________________________.
- mental illness
- thoughts, emotions and behaviour
