T2 Lesson 10 - Biological molecules

Question 1

what is an atom?

Answer 1

tiny particle that almost all things in the universe are made of.

Question 2

what are atoms made up of?

Answer 2

-protons
-neutrons
-electrons

Question 3

what is a molecule?

Answer 3

group of atoms bonded together

Question 4

Name 3 biological molecules used in the body?

Answer 4

• carbohydrates
• Lipids
• Proteins

Question 5

What 3 bonds make up carbohydrates, lipids and proteins all have?

Answer 5

carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

Question 6

what extra molecule do proteins have that

What do proteins have that carbohydrates and lipids don’t?

Answer 6

nitogen and sometimes sulphar

Question 7

proteins are polymers (long chains of smaller units). What are the subunits of proteins called?

Answer 7

amino acids

Question 8

amino acids join together to make shorter chains before they become long proteins. What are these shorter chains called?

Answer 8

peptides

Question 9

What is the main function of proteins in the human body?

Answer 9

Growth and repair (helps to build muscle)

Question 10

Give examples of how protein is used in the body

Answer 10

• in enzymes to speed up chemical reactions
• collagen in skin
• keratin in nails and hair
• -haemoglobin holds Iron in red blood cells

Question 11

What are lipids?

Answer 11

Fats, oils and waxes

Question 12

What are lipids made up of?

Answer 12

glycerol and fatty acid chains

One glycerol bonds to three fatty acids. Glycerol is an oily liquid. It’s sometimes called glycerin.
You may have seen this is the main ingredient of cough medicine. It’s also used in make up

Question 13

TRUE or FALSE. Lipids contain very little oxygen

Answer 13

true

Question 14

What are the uses of lipids in the body?

Answer 14

• Lipids are used for insulation (keeping
  you warm).
• used as a way of producing energy if there is no glucose available

The myelin sheath of a neuron is made of lipids. It insulates the axon m

Question 15

Monosaccharide

one molecule on its own

Answer 15

soluble , simple sugar and basic form of carbohydrates

soluble = dissolve in water

Question 16

3 examples of monosacchrides

Answer 16

• glucose
• fructose (fruit sugar)
• galactose

they are sugars

Question 17

When two monosaccharides bond they form a…….

Answer 17

disaccharide.

Question 18

Name examples of disaccharides’

two molecules joined together

Answer 18

• sucrose (table sugar)
• Lactose (milk sugar)
• Maltose (Grain sugar)

Question 19

what do you call many monasacchrides joined together?

Answer 19

polysacchrides

Question 20

What are the 3 main polysacchrides?

Answer 20

• starch
• glycogen
• cellulose

all made from glucose monassachrides. They are polymers of glucose.

Question 21

True or false. Starch, glycogen and cellulose are soluble (dissolve in water).

Answer 21

False. They are inssoluble (can’t dissolve in water).

Question 22

glycogen is stored in what part of the body and why?

Answer 22

The liver as an energy source.

Question 23

some carbohdates polysacchride are branched and unbranched. Which polysacchride is unbranched (so just a long chain)

Answer 23

cellulose

They do not dissolve in water.

Question 24

The glycogen and starch polysaccharides are branded or unbranched?

Answer 24

branched

Glycogen is branched. When we have too much glucose in the body, we bond them all together and store them as glycogen in the liver. Being branched means it is easy to pull off a glucose when we need it

they do not dissolve in water

Question 25

What is it called when three fatty acids attach to one glycerol

Answer 25

triglyceride