T2 Lesson 10 - Biological molecules Flashcards
what is an atom?
tiny particle that almost all things in the universe are made of.
what are atoms made up of?
-protons
-neutrons
-electrons
what is a molecule?
group of atoms bonded together
Name 3 biological molecules used in the body?
- carbohydrates
- Lipids
- Proteins
What 3 bonds make up carbohydrates, lipids and proteins all have?
carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
what extra molecule do proteins have that
What do proteins have that carbohydrates and lipids don’t?
nitogen and sometimes sulphar
proteins are polymers (long chains of smaller units). What are the subunits of proteins called?
amino acids
amino acids join together to make shorter chains before they become long proteins. What are these shorter chains called?
peptides
What is the main function of proteins in the human body?
Growth and repair (helps to build muscle)
Give examples of how protein is used in the body
- in enzymes to speed up chemical reactions
- collagen in skin
- keratin in nails and hair
- -haemoglobin holds Iron in red blood cells
What are lipids?
Fats, oils and waxes
What are lipids made up of?
glycerol and fatty acid chains
One glycerol bonds to three fatty acids. Glycerol is an oily liquid. It’s sometimes called glycerin.
You may have seen this is the main ingredient of cough medicine. It’s also used in make up
TRUE or FALSE. Lipids contain very little oxygen
true
What are the uses of lipids in the body?
- Lipids are used for insulation (keeping
you warm). - used as a way of producing energy if there is no glucose available
The myelin sheath of a neuron is made of lipids. It insulates the axon m
Monosaccharide
one molecule on its own
soluble , simple sugar and basic form of carbohydrates
soluble = dissolve in water
3 examples of monosacchrides
- glucose
- fructose (fruit sugar)
- galactose
they are sugars
When two monosaccharides bond they form a…….
disaccharide.
Name examples of disaccharides’
two molecules joined together
- sucrose (table sugar)
- Lactose (milk sugar)
- Maltose (Grain sugar)
what do you call many monasacchrides joined together?
polysacchrides
What are the 3 main polysacchrides?
- starch
- glycogen
- cellulose
all made from glucose monassachrides. They are polymers of glucose.
True or false. Starch, glycogen and cellulose are soluble (dissolve in water).
False. They are inssoluble (can’t dissolve in water).
glycogen is stored in what part of the body and why?
The liver as an energy source.
some carbohdates polysacchride are branched and unbranched. Which polysacchride is unbranched (so just a long chain)
cellulose
They do not dissolve in water.
The glycogen and starch polysaccharides are branded or unbranched?
branched
they do not dissolve in water
What is it called when three fatty acids attach to one glycerol
triglyceride
