T2 Lesson 2: Blood Flashcards
Label parts 1-4 of the red blood cell.
1.Platelets
2.Red blood cells
3.Plasma
4.White blood cells
Name the 4 components that blood is made from.
- plasma
- platelets
- red blood cells
- white blood cells
Why are red blood cells shaped like a donut?
- large surface area for absorbing and releasing oxygen
- No nucleus so makes space for haemoglobin to carry more oxygen.
Blood is carried around in vessels. name these 3 vessels.
- arteries
- veins
- capillaries
Where does the plasma carry the digested food products?
from the gut to the body cells
Why is your blood red?
because of haemoglobin that is made from iron which is why the plasma is not red but yellow.
What area of the body does plasma carry urea?
From the liver to the kidneys where it is removed by urine.
Where does the plasma carry the carbon dioxide?
from the body cells to the lungs
What is blood plasma?
The liquid in your blood that is a pale yellow colour.
Blood carries platelets around the body. What is the purpose of them?
To clot blood where needed. They make scabs and these can be inside and outside the body.
Blood carries products to the cells. What does it carry away?
Waste products such as co2
What is it called when the cell is not carrying oxygen?
deoxyhaemoglobin
What is the purpose of blood?
To transport things
Why do the red blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs to the cells in the body?
For cellular respiration (breathing in the cells)
What is it called when the cell is carrying oxygen?
oxyhaemoglobin
Name some of the digested food products that the plasma carries.
glucose and amino acids
plasma carries hormones. What do hormones do?
Act as chemical messengers
The plasma carries red blood cells. Why?
To transport oxygen from the lungs to the cells.
What else does plasma carry?
- red & white blood cells
- digested food products
- carbon dioxide
- urea
- hormones
- heat energy
Why does plasma carry white blood cells?
To protect the body (immune system)
What does angiotensin 2 do?
constricts the blood vessels increasing your blood pressure so the ACE inhibitor medicine stops the enzyme in angitoensin 1 into antgiotensin 2 - this preventing the blood pressure increasing!
What does the ACE medication do to help with hypertension?
It breaks down angiotensin 1 into smaller angiotensin 2
If you have hypertension what does the liver produce to help?
antiotensinogen
To help with hypertension, what does the kidney produce and what does this do?
Renin which breaks down antiotensin into antiotensin I
How do doctors treat hypertension?
With ACE inhibitors which is medication that influences the renin - antiotensin system and helps control and lower the blood pressure.
How can we reduce the risk of hypertension?
- Don’t drink alcohol
- Don’t smoke
- Maintain a healthy weight
- Exercise regularly
- Limit salt in diet
What is considered as a healthy blood pressure?
ranges between 100-140 mmHg (systolic - top number)
60-90 mmHG (diastolic - bottom number)
When the heart is relaxed what is it in? systolic or diastolic?
diastolic
When the heart is contracting what is it doing?
pushing blood around the body (systolic)
When measuring blood pressure what are the 2 different types of numbers that show the pressure called?
- Systolic pressure (top number)
- Diastolic pressure (bottom number)
What can hypertension cause?
-** Heart attack** - lack of blood to brain, hypertension weakens vessles making them more prone to damage
-Heart failure - gradual weakening of the heart as it works too hard
-Stroke - lack of blood to brain, hypertension weakens vessles making them more prone to damage
What is hypertension?
when you have high blood pressure when resting
Name some of the things that cause the blood pressure to vary?
-** health** - if unhealthy more chance of developing atherosclorosis which cause high blood pressure.
-age - older people more at risk
-sex - being prgnant makes a female more risk of High blood pressure
-exercise - people who exercise tend to have lower blood pressure
What does atherosclerosis do?
Blocks blood vessels which then increases a persons blood pressureas blood is forced through a smaller lumen.
What is atherosclerosis?
Build of plaque inside the artery.
What is blood pressure?
The measurement of force applied to the artery walls.
What are blood clots made from?
- A platelet
- A mesh of protein called** fibrin** and other proteins called clotting factors.
Why do platelets clot up blood?
- To stop you losing too much blood
-prevent microorganisms from entering the wound (bacteria, viruses or protoctists).
What are platelets?
-small fragments of cells
-clump together to plug up damaged areas (blood clotting)
What are the characteristics of capillaries?
- carry blood close to every cell in the body so that substances can exchange.
-supply food and oxygen and remove waste like carbon dioxide.
Name the smallest blood vessel?
capillaries
What are the characteristics of a vein?
-Walls not as thick because blood at lower pressure.
-Larger lumen to help blood with lower pressure flow.
-Valves keep blood moving in right direction.
Give me some information about the arteries.
- strong and elastic to cope with high pressure blood from the heart
-walls thick compared to the size of the lumen.
vein
blood vessel that carries blood to the heart
artery
blood vessel that carries blood AWAY from the heart
lumen
The hollow space within a blood vessel
