Term 1 Lesson 7: Muscle Flashcards
Name the three different types of muscle in the human body.
- smooth
- cardiac
- skeletal
Cardiac muscle
-forms the heart
-involuntary ( contracts without you consciously telling it to)
Where in the body is smooth muscle used?
lines things like the:
- intestines,
- stomach
- - bladder -
- uterus
- blood vessels
- sperm ducts
- . It is also involuntary.
Skeletal muscle
-attaches to bone to make them move
- voluntary - you control when they move.
Tendons
tough tissue fibre that attaches skeletal muscle to bone
Ligaments
attach bones to bones
Muscles work in pairs. What is this called?
antagonistic - As one contracts the other relaxes.
- contraction pulls the bone towards it (bending at a joint). We say it’s flexed.
-Relaxation extends the joint. The bone moves away
One way to remember which muscle is the agonist: it’s the one that’s in ‘agony’ when you are doing the movement, as it is the one that is doing all the work.
What are some facts and differences between ligaments and tendons.
What is the most common pair of antagonistic muscles.
bicep and tricep - they control the movement of the elbow
One way to remember which muscle is the agonist: it’s the one that’s in ‘agony’ when you are doing the movement, as it is the one that is doing all the work.
Explain what happens when antagonistic muscles work
-As the bicep contracts the arm rises (flexes).
-As the tricep contracts the arm lowers
(extends).
_ A muscle is always attached to a bone at each
end by a tendon.
- One bone will stay still. This
stationary bone is called the origin.
- The other bone will move. It is called the insertion.
Antagonistic muscles of the hip joint
The gluteus (buttock muscles) and psoas (groin muscle)
Antagonistic muscles of the knee joint
The quadricep (thigh) and bicep femoris (hamstring)
Antagonistic muscles of the ankle joint
The anterior tibialis (shin muscle) & gastrocnemius (calf)
What is another name for muscle cells?
muscle fibres
How are muscle fibres organised?
In bundles wrapped in connective tissue
What are the muscle fibres made of ?
Thin and thick filaments (thread like objects)
What do muscles need to contract and where is this made?
- ATP which is energy
-made in the mitochondria
The vertebral column is split into five sections; name them.
- cervical
-thoracic
-lumbar
-sacrum - coccyx.
sometimes the last two are often shown as one.
Name part 1 of the vertebral column
Cervical
Name part 2 of the verterbral column
Thoracic
Name part 3 of the verterbral column
Lumbar
Name part 4 of the verterbral column
sacrum
Name part 5 of the verterbral column
coccyx
What is the neural canal?
A hole in the centre of the vertebrae for the spinal cord to pass through.
Vertebrae in each region have different shapes and
sizes depending on the weight (load) they support.
transverse process - number 1
attach to muscles so the spine can move
Centrum - number 2
- strong
- carries the body’s weight
Name part 3 of the vertebrae
Neural canal
Neural spine - number 4
attaches muscle to spine also
Name the different types of vertebrae in the picture
- Black - cervical
- Red - Thoracic
- Blue - Lumbar
