Term 1 Lesson 6: Bones Flashcards
What is the scientific name for bone cells?
osteocytes
TRUE or FALSE. A bone is an organ?
True
Name the system that is made up of bones?
Skeletal system
often referred to as the skeleton
The skeleton has two parts: what are they?
- axial Skelton
- appendicular skeleton
-axial - This is formed of the skull (protects the brain, eyes and ears), vertebral column (protects the spinal
cord), ribs and sternum (protects the heart and lungs).
Appendicular - This includes the scapulas (shoulder bones), clavicles (collar bones), pelvis and limb bones.
Axial skeleton
Includes skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum, protecting vital organs.
Appendicular Skeleton
Includes scapulas, clavicles, pelvis, and limb bones, aiding movement and flexibility.
What makes bones hard?
calcium salts, mainly calcium phosphate, providing hardness to bone tissue.
Spongy Bone
- Bone tissue that has fewer calcium salts and found in the ends of bones
- characterized by irregular spaces filled with red bone marrow that makes blood cells;
- helps keep bones light in weight
- offering flexibility and support.
If bones were only made of calcium salts, they would be very brittle
because there are other parts to bone. What are them parts?
- blood vessels
- osteocytes
- protein fibres (collagen).
What does a bone need in order to repair itself?
A good supply of blood
What are long bones?
hard, dense bones that
provide strength, structure, and mobility
In spongy bones there are spaces. What are the spaces filled with?
Bone marrow
What does bone marrow do?
- store fat
- produces red and white blood cells
What is spongy bone surrounded by?
compact bone
spongy bone is surrounded by compact bone and compact bone is surrounded by what?
periosteum. A tough outer membrane.
A fetus at 12 weeks has no hard bone. Only cartilage. The whole skeletal system is in position at this time, it is just soft. At what age does compact bone start to be present?
25
ossification
The process of cartilage turning to hard bone
What do bones cells do during ossification
arrange themselves into rings
During ossification bone cells arrange themselves in rings. Whatvarebthesebrings called.
haversian systems
At the centre of haversian rings is a canal. What does the canal consist of?
blood vessels and nerves
What do osteocytes secrete and why?
calcium phosphate salts to make the bone hard.
Cartilage remains at the end of bones even after ossification.
what is the purpose of Cartlidge?
acts as a cushion between bones at joints.
Cartilage is tough but flexible tissue containing cells. What are these cells called?
chondrocytes
chondrocytes secrete a matrix containing various types of what?
protein fibers
What two nutrients are needed to help with bone growth?
- calcium - needed for calcium salts to strengthen bone
- vitamin D - helps absorb the calcium
What is osteoporosis?
when people suffer great bone loss.
Bones lose calcium salts as people age. They become porous and less dense so break easily. By 70
years old you will have lost 1/3 of your bone mass. What disease does this cause?
osteporosis
who is at more risk of osteoporosis and why?
women due to hormonal changes after menopause
Can osteoporosis be cured?
no
how
How is osteoporosis treated?
With a good diet rich in calcium and vitamin D. In some cases, hormone treatment is required.
What are joints?
Where 2 bones meet.
There are three types of joints grouped according to how much they move. What are they?
- **Freely moveable joints – These can move freely in any direction. They include ball and socket joints (shoulder) and hinge joints (elbow).
- Partially moveable joints – These have a small amount of movement like the spinal column.
- Immovable (fixed) joints – They cannot move. They are fixed like most of the bones in the skull.
Free moveable joints
- move freely in any direction
- include ball and socket joints (shoulder)
- hinge joints (Elbow)
What are partially moveable joints and give examples.
- small amount of movement
- spinal column
What is an immovable joint, give an example.
- Joints that cannot move. They are fixed.
- skull is an example.
Synovial joint
When a bone needs to move.
What is the purpose of cartilage on a bone
covers end of a bone to act as a shock absorber
Name the part of the synovial joint
Bone
Give the correct label for C
Cartilage - covers the end of bone to act as a shock absorber
Give the correct label for A
**Ligament - holds bones together and connects bones to bones.
Give the correct label for B
**synovial fluid thats acts as a lubricant which is released from the synovial membrane
Give the correct label for D
**Capsule - tough outer coating that prevents the bones froms dislocating.
Name the bone
Sternum
a shield in the middle of your chest that protects your hear and lungs
Name the bone
Clavicle
Name the bone
Humerus
Name the bone
Scapula
The scapula, also known as the shoulder blade, is like a flat, triangula
Name the bone
Radius
Name the bone
Ulna
Name the bone
metacarpals
Name the bone
femur - the longest and strongest bone in the body
Name the bone
Tibia - **thicker than the fibula **
Name the bone
Fibula - smaller than a tib because a fib is a little lie
Name the bone
Tarsals - ankle bones
Name the bones
Carpals
Name the bone
Cranium
Name the bone
mandiable
Name the bone
Ribs
Name the bone
spine
Name the bone
phalanges
Name the bone
patella - you can pat your knees
Name the bone
metatarsal - bones of the foot between ankle and toes
True or false. Bone does not grow from the ends but an area of cartilage just before the ends.
true
Name the bone
pelvis
Gliding joint
allows one bone to slide over another
Fixed joint
a joint that does not move, found in skull only
ball and socket joint
A joint that allows for a wide range of motion (shoulder and hip are examples)
Hinge joint
Joint between bones (as at the elbow or knee) that permits motion in only one plane
