Term 1 Lesson 6: Bones

Question 1

What is the scientific name for bone cells?

Answer 1

osteocytes

Question 2

TRUE or FALSE. A bone is an organ?

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Name the system that is made up of bones?

Answer 3

Skeletal system

often referred to as the skeleton

Question 4

The skeleton has two parts: what are they?

Answer 4

• axial Skelton
• appendicular skeleton

-axial - This is formed of the skull (protects the brain, eyes and ears), vertebral column (protects the spinal
cord), ribs and sternum (protects the heart and lungs).

Appendicular - This includes the scapulas (shoulder bones), clavicles (collar bones), pelvis and limb bones.

Question 5

Axial skeleton

Answer 5

Includes skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum, protecting vital organs.

Question 6

Appendicular Skeleton

Answer 6

Includes scapulas, clavicles, pelvis, and limb bones, aiding movement and flexibility.

Question 7

What makes bones hard?

Answer 7

calcium salts, mainly calcium phosphate, providing hardness to bone tissue.

Question 8

Spongy Bone

Answer 8

• Bone tissue that has fewer calcium salts and found in the ends of bones
• characterized by irregular spaces filled with red bone marrow that makes blood cells;
• helps keep bones light in weight
• offering flexibility and support.

Question 9

If bones were only made of calcium salts, they would be very brittle
because there are other parts to bone. What are them parts?

Answer 9

• blood vessels
• osteocytes
• protein fibres (collagen).

Question 10

What does a bone need in order to repair itself?

Answer 10

A good supply of blood

Question 11

What are long bones?

Answer 11

hard, dense bones that
provide strength, structure, and mobility

Question 12

In spongy bones there are spaces. What are the spaces filled with?

Answer 12

Bone marrow

Question 13

What does bone marrow do?

Answer 13

• store fat
• produces red and white blood cells

Question 14

What is spongy bone surrounded by?

Answer 14

compact bone

Question 15

spongy bone is surrounded by compact bone and compact bone is surrounded by what?

Answer 15

periosteum. A tough outer membrane.

Question 16

A fetus at 12 weeks has no hard bone. Only cartilage. The whole skeletal system is in position at this time, it is just soft. At what age does compact bone start to be present?

Answer 16

25

Question 17

ossification

Answer 17

The process of cartilage turning to hard bone

Question 18

What do bones cells do during ossification

Answer 18

arrange themselves into rings

Question 19

During ossification bone cells arrange themselves in rings. Whatvarebthesebrings called.

Answer 19

haversian systems

Question 20

At the centre of haversian rings is a canal. What does the canal consist of?

Answer 20

blood vessels and nerves

Question 21

What do osteocytes secrete and why?

Answer 21

calcium phosphate salts to make the bone hard.

Question 22

Cartilage remains at the end of bones even after ossification.
what is the purpose of Cartlidge?

Answer 22

acts as a cushion between bones at joints.

Question 23

Cartilage is tough but flexible tissue containing cells. What are these cells called?

Answer 23

chondrocytes

Question 24

chondrocytes secrete a matrix containing various types of what?

Answer 24

protein fibers

Question 25

What two nutrients are needed to help with bone growth?

Answer 25

* calcium - needed for calcium salts to strengthen bone * vitamin D - helps absorb the calcium

Question 26

What is osteoporosis?

Answer 26

when people suffer great bone loss.

Question 27

Bones lose calcium salts as people age. They become porous and less dense so break easily. By 70 years old you will have lost 1/3 of your bone mass. What disease does this cause?

Answer 27

osteporosis

Question 28

who is at more risk of osteoporosis and why?

Answer 28

women due to hormonal changes after menopause

Question 29

Can osteoporosis be cured?

Answer 29

no

Question 30

# how How is osteoporosis treated?

Answer 30

With a good diet rich in calcium and vitamin D. In some cases, hormone treatment is required.

Question 31

What are joints?

Answer 31

Where 2 bones meet.

Question 32

There are three types of joints grouped according to how much they move. What are they?

Answer 32

1. **Freely moveable joints – These can move freely in any direction. They include ball and socket joints (shoulder) and hinge joints (elbow). 2. Partially moveable joints – These have a small amount of movement like the spinal column. 3. Immovable (fixed) joints – They cannot move. They are fixed like most of the bones in the skull.

Question 33

Free moveable joints

Answer 33

* move freely in any direction * include ball and socket joints (shoulder) * hinge joints (Elbow)

Question 34

What are partially moveable joints and give examples.

Answer 34

* small amount of movement * spinal column

Question 35

What is an immovable joint, give an example.

Answer 35

* Joints that cannot move. They are fixed. * skull is an example.

Question 36

Synovial joint

Answer 36

When a bone needs to move.

Question 37

What is the purpose of cartilage on a bone

Answer 37

covers end of a bone to act as a shock absorber

Question 38

Name the part of the synovial joint

Answer 38

Bone

Question 39

Give the correct label for C

Answer 39

Cartilage - covers the end of bone to act as a shock absorber

Question 40

Give the correct label for A

Answer 40

****Ligament - holds bones together and connects bones to bones.

Question 41

Give the correct label for B

Answer 41

****synovial fluid thats acts as a lubricant which is released from the synovial membrane

Question 42

Give the correct label for D

Answer 42

****Capsule - tough outer coating that prevents the bones froms dislocating.

Question 43

Name the bone

Answer 43

Sternum | a shield in the middle of your chest that protects your hear and lungs

Question 44

Name the bone

Answer 44

Clavicle

Question 45

Name the bone

Answer 45

Humerus

Question 45

Name the bone

Answer 45

Scapula | The scapula, also known as the shoulder blade, is like a flat, triangula

Question 46

Name the bone

Answer 46

Radius

Question 47

Name the bone

Answer 47

Ulna

Question 48

Name the bone

Answer 48

metacarpals

Question 49

Name the bone

Answer 49

femur - the longest and strongest bone in the body

Question 50

Name the bone

Answer 50

Tibia - **thicker than the fibula **

Question 51

Name the bone

Answer 51

Fibula - smaller than a tib because a fib is a little lie

Question 52

Name the bone

Answer 52

Tarsals - ankle bones

Question 53

Name the bones

Answer 53

Carpals

Question 54

Name the bone

Answer 54

Cranium

Question 55

Name the bone

Answer 55

mandiable

Question 56

Name the bone

Answer 56

Ribs

Question 57

Name the bone

Answer 57

spine

Question 58

Name the bone

Answer 58

phalanges

Question 59

Name the bone

Answer 59

patella - you can pat your knees

Question 60

Name the bone

Answer 60

metatarsal - bones of the foot between ankle and toes

Question 61

True or false. Bone does not grow from the ends but an area of cartilage just before the ends.

Answer 61

true

Question 62

Name the bone

Answer 62

pelvis

Question 63

Gliding joint

Answer 63

allows one bone to slide over another

Question 64

Fixed joint

Answer 64

a joint that does not move, found in skull only

Question 65

ball and socket joint

Answer 65

A joint that allows for a wide range of motion (shoulder and hip are examples)

Question 66

Hinge joint

Answer 66

Joint between bones (as at the elbow or knee) that permits motion in only one plane