Tendon Injuries

Question 1

What does a tendon connect with?

Answer 1

Muscle and bone

Question 2

What cells mainly make up a tendon?

Answer 2

Tenocytes and collagen type 1 fibres

Question 3

What are the collagen bundles in tendons covered by?

Answer 3

Endotendon

Question 4

What are fascicles in a tendon covered by?

Answer 4

Paratendon

Question 5

What is the whole tendon surounded by?

Answer 5

Epitenon

Question 6

In what layer of the tendon covering do you find blood vessels?

Answer 6

Paratendon

Question 7

How are tendons attached to tendon sheath?

Answer 7

By vincula

Question 8

What are tendon sheaths

Answer 8

Thickenings which form strong annular pulleys

Question 9

Types of injury that can happen to the tendon?

Answer 9

Degeneration, 
Inflammation, 
Enthesiopathy, 
Traction apophysitis, 
Tear,
Laceration, 
Crush,
Nodules

Question 10

Inflammation of tendon presentation?

Answer 10

Swollen, 
Tender, 
Hot, 
Red,
Positive finklestein’s test

Question 11

What is enthesiopathy?

Answer 11

Inflammation at insertion to bone

Question 12

An example of traction apophysitis injury to tendon?

Answer 12

Osgood Schlatter’s disease

Question 13

Avulsion and bone fragment damage to tendon presentation?

Answer 13

Mallet finger- forced flexion of extended finger

Question 14

Treatment of avulsion of finger?

Answer 14

Retraction tendon,
Reattachment of tendon,
Fixation of bone fragment

Question 15

What is a intrasubstance rupture of tendon caused by?

Answer 15

Pushing off with weight bearing forefoot whilst extending knee,
Unexpected dorsiflexion of ankle (eg falling into hole)
Violent dorsiflexion of plantar flexed foot (eg fall from height)

Question 16

Achilles’ tendon rupture presentation?

Answer 16

+ve Simmond’s test,

Palpable tender gap

Question 17

Treatment of tendon rupture?

Answer 17

Mobilise,
Splint/ cast,
Surgery

Question 18

Treatment of laceration injury to tendon?

Answer 18

Surgery