Orthopaedic Knee Conditions

Question 1

Function of meniscii

Answer 1

Aid force transmission,

Increase stability

Question 2

Causes of meniscal tear?

Answer 2

Acute (twisting esp in deep flexion)

Degenerative (OA)

Question 3

Meniscal tear presentation (CLIP)

Answer 3

Clicking
locking
Intermittent swelling
Pain

Question 4

Examination of meniscal tear

Answer 4

Tender joint line,
Mechanical block to movement, 
McMurrays test positive, 
Fail deep squat, 
Thassaly’s test positive

Question 5

What tests will be positive in meniscal tear?

Answer 5

McMurrays test,

Thassalys Test

Question 6

Meniscal tear investigations?

Answer 6

Xray,

MRI

Question 7

Meniscal tear non-operative treatment?

Answer 7

Rest,
NSAIDs,
Physiotherapy

Question 8

Operative meniscal tear treatment?

Answer 8

Arthroscopy

Question 9

Blood supply of ACL?

Answer 9

Middle geniculate artery

Question 10

Innervation of ACL?

Answer 10

Posterior articular nerve

Question 11

Common cause of ACL

Answer 11

Non-contact pivot injury,

Landing biomechanics

Question 12

Presentation of ACL tear?

Answer 12

Heard a “pop” or “crack”,
Immediate swelling due to haemarthrosis,
Deep pain,
Effusion

Question 13

Movement tests completed in an ACL tear?

Answer 13

Anterior draw,
Lachmann’s test,
Pivot shift

Question 14

ACL tear treatment?

Answer 14

Focussed quadricep programme,

ACL reconstruction

Question 15

Cause of MCL tear?

Answer 15

Severe valgus stress

Question 16

Associated injuries with MCL tear?

Answer 16

ACL tear,

Meniscal tear

Question 17

MCL tear presentation?

Answer 17

Heard a “pop” or “crack”,
Pain ++ on medial side,
Bruising on medial knee,
Localised swelling

Question 18

Examination findings of MCL tear?

Answer 18

Tender medial joint line,
Tender femoral insertion of MCL,
Painful in full extension,
Opening on valgus stress

Question 19

MCL tear non-operative treatment?

Answer 19

Rest,
NSAIDs,
Physiotherapy,
Brace for comfort

Question 20

MCL tear operative indications?

Answer 20

Severe tears,

Failed non-operative management

Question 21

MCL tear operative managements?

Answer 21

Avulsion,

Reconstruction

Question 22

what is Osteochondritis dissecans?

Answer 22

Pathological lesion affecting articular cartilage and subchondral bone

Question 23

Cause of osteochondritis dissecans

Answer 23

Hereditary,
Traumatic,
Vascular

Question 24

Location of osteochondritis dissecans?

Answer 24

Knee

Posterolateral aspect of medial femoral condole

Question 25

Presentation of osteochondritis dissecans?

Answer 25

Activity related pain, 
Recurrent effusions,
Stiffness, 
Localised tenderness, 
Block to movement

Question 26

Treatment of osteochondritis dissecans?

Answer 26

Restricted weight bearing,
Rom brace,
Arthroscopy,
Open fixation