Paediatric Orthopaedics Flashcards

1
Q

What does DDH stand for?

A

Developmental Dysplasia of the HIp

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2
Q

Risk factor for DDH

A
First born, 
Oligohydramnios, 
Breech, 
Family history,
Other lower limb deformities
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3
Q

Clinical signs of DDH

A

Ortolani’s sign,
Barlow’s sign,
Piston Motion sign

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4
Q

<3 month management of DDH?

A

Splint

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5
Q

3month to 1 year management of DDH?

A

Closed reduction,

Spica cast

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6
Q

> 1 year DDH treatment?

A

Open reduction,

Capsule reefing

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7
Q

> 18 months DDH treatment?

A

Open reduction with femoral shortening and pre-acetabular osteotomy

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8
Q

What does LCP stand for?

A

Legg-Calve_Perthes Disease

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9
Q

Presentation of Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease?

A

Short stature,
Limp,
Knee pain on exercise,
Stiff hip joint

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10
Q

What is Legg-Calve-Perthes disease?

A

Avascular necrosis of proximal femoral head

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11
Q

What are the phases of LCP?

A

1- avascular necrosis,
2- Fragmentation- revvascularisation,
3- reossification
4-Residual deformity

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12
Q

Unilateral differential for LCP

A

Septic hip,
JIA,
SCFE,
Lymphoma

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13
Q

Bilateral differential of LCP?

A

Hypothyroid,
Sickle,
Epiphyseal dysplasia

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14
Q

Treatment of LCP?

A

Hip motion maintained,
Analgesia,
Restrict painful activities,
Osteotomy (>7years)

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15
Q

What is SCFE?

A

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis

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16
Q

Risk factors for SCFE?

A

9-14 year old male,
Overweight,
Endocrine abnormality

17
Q

Classifications of SUFE?

A

Acute vs chronic

Stable vs unstable

18
Q

Difference between stable and unstable SUFE?

A

Unstable to weight bear and has a poor prognosis

19
Q

SCFE presentation?

A

Pain in hip or knee,
Externally rotated posture and gait,
Reduced internal rotation

20
Q

Investigation for SCFE?

A

Xray

21
Q

In SCFE what is measured on the xray?

A

Width of femoral neck on AP

22
Q

Mild, moderate and severe femoral neck widths of SCFE?

A

Mild <1/3
Moderate 1/3-1/2
Severe >1/2

23
Q

Pathology of SCFE?

A

Displacement through hypertrophic zone,

Metaphysis moves anterior and proximal

24
Q

Treatment of SCFE?

A

Surgery

Pinned

25
Q

Complication outcomes of SCFE?

A
Avascular necrosis, 
Chomdrolysis, 
Deformity,
Early osteoarthritis, 
Limb length discrepancy,
Impingement
26
Q

Which SCFE has a higher risk of AVN, stable or unstable?

A

Unstable

27
Q

What line is drawn on Xray between pelvis and femur, to help diagnosis SCFE?

A

Klein

28
Q

What is Trethowan sign?

A

When the klein line is above the femoral head

Sign of SUFE