Paediatric Othopaedics Emergencies

Question 1

What can fractures involving physes result in?

Answer 1

Progressive deformity

Question 2

What is a Galeazzi fracture?

Answer 2

Shaft fracture of radius

Question 3

What is a Monteggia fracture?

Answer 3

Fracture of shaft of ulna

Question 4

Complications of fractures out arm

Answer 4

Nonunion, 
Refracture,
Radioulnar synostosis,
PIN injury (posterior interosseous nerve),
Superficial radial nerve injury,
DDRUJ/ radiocapitellar problems

Question 5

What is a buckle, torus distal radius fracture?

Answer 5

Failure of 1 cortex in compression

Question 6

What is a greenstick fracture?

Answer 6

Failure of 1 cortex in compression other cortex in extension

bone bends and breaks

Question 7

Management of buckle fracture?

Answer 7

Cast 3-4 weeks

Question 8

Management of greenstick fracture?

Answer 8

Cast 4-6 weeks

Question 9

Management of a complete fracture?

Answer 9

Cast 6 weeks

Question 10

Treatment for physical injury of knee

Answer 10

Cast to immobilise,
Percutaneous fix,
ORIF (open reduction and internal fixation) articular displacement

Question 11

Treatment of physeal arrest

Answer 11

Respect bar,
Complete epiphysiodesis,
Contralateral epiphysiodesis,
Corrective osteotomy

Question 12

Tibial spine fracture Meyers and McKeever classification?

Answer 12

1-undisplaced,
II-hinged
III- displaced

Question 13

How to treat I and II tibial spine fracture

Answer 13

Long leg cast

Question 14

How to treat tibial spine fracture II/III

Answer 14

Open reduction and internal roatation,

AxIF

Question 15

Tibial tubercle classification Ogden

Answer 15

I- distal avulsion
II- to proximal tibial physis (not joint)
III- to proximal tibial physis (into joint)

Question 16

Patella dislocation risk factors

Answer 16

Laxity, 
Poor Vastus Medialis Oblique,
Q angle,
Femoral anteversion, 
Tibial external rotation,

Question 17

Patellar dislocation treatment

Answer 17

Cast 2/52 ligament,
Mobilise,
VMO exercises

Question 18

Treatment for type 1 osteochondral lesions

Answer 18

Immobilise

Question 19

Treatment for type 2 and 3 osteochondral lesions?

Answer 19

Drilling/ fix

Question 20

Difference between type 1,2,3 osteochondral lesions?

Answer 20

Type 1- cartilage intact,
Type 2- flap,
Type 3- fragment

Question 21

What rules do you follow before getting an AP and lateral radiographs of ankle?

Answer 21

Ottawa rules

Question 22

What are the Ottawa rules?

Answer 22

Pain in malleolar zone,
Bone tenderness at posterior edge of lateral malleouls on medial/ lateral view or base of 5th metatarsal or navicular,
Inability to bear weight

Question 23

What is an ankle transitional fracture?

Answer 23

Growth plate closing at age 13-14 years

Question 24

What is a Tillaux fracture

Answer 24

Fracture of the anterolateral aspect of the distal tibial epiphysis,
Type SH3,
Caused by external rotation

Question 25

Ankle fracture classification

Answer 25

Via Salter–Harris type classification

Question 26

Describe SH3 fracture

Answer 26

Supination inversion,

Epiphyseal medial

Question 27

Triplane fracture

Answer 27

Caused by external rotation,

SH3 on AP and SH2 on lateral

Question 28

Examples of overuse injuries in orthopaedics

Answer 28

Osgood-Schlatter’s Disease,

Sever’s disease (growth plate inflammation of he calcaneus)

Question 29

Warnings on non-accidental injury

Answer 29

Incongruent history,
Bruising,
Burns,
Multiple fractures at multiple stages of healing

Question 30

What is a Salter-Harris fracture?

Answer 30

fracture that involves the epiphyseal plate or growth plate of a bone

Question 30

Define a SH1 fracture

Answer 30

Fracture straight across the epiphyseal plate

Question 31

Define a SH2 fracture

Answer 31

Above the epiphyseal growth plate

Question 32

Define a SH3 fracture

Answer 32

Lower than epiphyseal growth plate

Question 33

Define a SH4 fracture

Answer 33

Fracture through everything