Anatomy Of The Hip And Knee

Question 1

What is a diathrodial joint?

Answer 1

A moveable joint characterised by the presence of fibrocartilage/ hyaline cartilage

Question 2

Normal angles of the hip

Answer 2

Neck shaft -130deg
Femoral anteversion- 15 deg
Acetabular anteversion- 20 deg

Question 3

What are the static hip stabilisers?

Answer 3

Congruence, anteversion of ball and socket,

Labrum (fibrocartilage), -ve intra-articular pressure

Question 4

What are the dynamic hip stabilisers?

Answer 4

Musculature

Question 5

Muscles that cause hip flexion

Answer 5

Ilio-psoas,
Rectus femoris,
Sartorius,
Pectineus

Question 6

Hip extensors?

Answer 6

Gluteus maximus,
Semitinosus,
Semimembranosus,
Biceps femoris

Question 7

Hip abductors?

Answer 7

Gluteus medius,
Gluteus minimus,
Tensor fascia latae

Question 8

Hip adductors

Answer 8

Adductor longus,
Adductor brevis,
Adductor Magnus,
Gracilis

Question 9

Hip internal rotators

Answer 9

Anterior fibres of glut. Medius,

Tensor fascia latae

Question 10

Hip external rotators

Answer 10

Glut. Max,
Piriformis, 
Sup. Gemellus, 
Inf. gemellus, 
Obturanator internus,
Obturator externus, 
Quadratus femoris

Question 11

Common signs of hip pathology

Answer 11

“C” sign,
Difficulty putting on socks, shoes, tying laces,
Worse on weight bearing

Question 12

Site of pain for hip pathology

Answer 12

Groin,
Trochanteric,
Buttock,
Referred

Question 13

Name of line formed by medial edge of femoral neck and inferior edge of superior pubic ramus?

Answer 13

Shenton’s line

Question 14

What is a Xray sign of a fractured/ dislocated neck of femur/ femur?

Answer 14

Loss of contour of Shenton’s line

Question 15

What is the most common type of hip dislocation?

Answer 15

Posterior

Question 16

What is the blood supple to the femoral head?

Answer 16

Medial and lateral femoral circumflex supply the capsule,
Intramedullary,
Acetabular branch of obturator artery supplies the ligamentum teres

Question 17

Difference between extra-capsular and intra-capsular fracture?

Answer 17

Blood supply is compromised in intra-capsular

Question 18

How would you manage an intra-capsular fracture?

Answer 18

If undisplaced, displaced and young then fix,

If displaced and old then replace (via hemiarthroplasty or total hip replacement)

Question 19

Knee extensors

Answer 19

Rectus femoris,
Vastus medialis,
Vastuls lateralis,
Vastus interme dialis

Question 20

Knee flexors?

Answer 20

Biceps femoris,
Semimembranosus,
Semitendinous,
Gastrocnemius

Question 21

What is a meniscus?

Answer 21

Crescent of fibrocartilage

Question 22

Role of meniscii?

Answer 22

Load transmission,
Stability,
Proprioception,
Shock absorption

Question 23

Consequence of Anterior cruciate ligament injury?

Answer 23

Immediate haemarthrosis (haemorrhage into joint space)

Question 24

What would you see on Xray for a Anterior cruciate ligament injury?

Answer 24

Haemaarthrosis,

Second fracture