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Anatomy Exam > Temporal Region and Parotid Gland > Flashcards

Temporal Region and Parotid Gland Flashcards

1
Q

What is the artery, vein, and nerve found on the upper end of the parotid gland?

A

A: superficial temporal a.
V: superficial temporal v.
N: auriculotemporal n.

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2
Q

What is the artery, vein, and nerve found on the lower end of the parotid gland?

A

A: ECA
V: 2 divisions of retromandibular v.
N: cervical branch of facial n.

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3
Q

What is found on anterior border of the parotid gland?

A

accessory part of parotid gland, parotid duct, branches of facial n.

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4
Q

What are the structures found within the parotid gland? (AVN)

A

A: ECA
V: retromandibular v.
N: facial n.

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5
Q

What are the two muscles and bone found on the anteriomedial surface of the parotid gland?

A

muscles: masseter; medial pterygoid
bone: ramus

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6
Q

What are the muscles (2) and bones (2) found on the posteromedial surface of the parotid gland?

A

muscles: sternomastoid; posterior belly of digastric
bones: mastoid process; styloid process

note: ICA and IJV are also found here

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7
Q

In regards to the parotid fascia, its deep medial part extends from the styloid process to the angle of the mandible and thickens to form the ___ ligament

A

stylomandibular

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8
Q

What is found on the lateral surface of the parotid gland?

A

skin, fascia, lymph nodes, branches of great auricular n.

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9
Q

The parotid duct runs forwards over the ____ muscle and then pierces the ___ muscle.

A

masseter; buccinator

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10
Q

The parotid duct opens in the vestibule of the mouth opposite the upper ___ ___ tooth

A

2nd molar

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11
Q

What is the sensory nerve supply to the parotid gland?

A

auricolotemporal n.

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12
Q

In regards to the secretomotor parasympathetic supply to the parotid gland, preganlgionic fibers: the tympanic branch of the ___ nerve enters the tympanic cavity to share in tympanic plexus of nerves and leave the cavity as the ___ ___ nerve

A

glossopharyngeal; lesser petrosal

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13
Q

In regards to the secretomotor parasympathetic supply to the parotid gland, the lesser petrosal n. relays in the ___ ganglion which is associated with the mandibular nerve

A

otic

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14
Q

In regards to the secretomotor parasympathetic supply to the parotid gland, postganglionic fibers:pass with the _____ n. to the gland

A

auriculotemporal

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15
Q

Someone who has stones in the parotid duct presents with intense pain during ___

A

salivation

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16
Q

If a stone is in the anterior part of the parotid duct, how is it treated? If its in the posterior part?

A

anterior part: incision of buccal mucosa allowing stone removal

posterior part: excision of the gland

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17
Q

Tumors of the parotid gland may involve 1 or more branches of the ___ nerve within the gland

A

facial

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18
Q

___ virus is a common cause of inflammation of the gland and the duct

A

mumps

19
Q

Severe pain especially during chewing (localized at TMJ and external auditory meatus) and swelling of the cheek is a complaint of what?

A

mumps

note: pain at external auditory meatus because auricolotemporal n. is sensory to gland and skin over the temporal fossa and auricle

20
Q

What is the sign of mumps?

A

redness on the papilla in the vestibule of the mouth- differentiates from tooth ache

21
Q

Inflammation of the gland in adults may be serious leaving complications as ___ or ___

A

orchitis (inflamed testes); pancreatitis

22
Q

For the following muscle, give the origin, insertion, main action, and nerve supply: temporalis

A

origin: floor of temporal fossa and deep temporal fascia
insertion: coronoid process and ramus of mandible

main action: elevation and retraction

nerve supply: mandibular n. (anterior div)

23
Q

For the following muscle, give the origin, insertion, main action, and nerve supply: masseter

A

origin: deep head: zygomatic arch; superficial head: maxillary process of zygomatic bone
insertion: lateral surface of ramus

main action: deep head: elevation; superficial head: elevation and protraction

nerve supply: mandibular n. (anterior div)

24
Q

For the following muscle, give the origin, insertion, main action, and nerve supply: medial pterygoid

A

origin: deep head: pterygoid plate; superficial head: maxillary tuberosity
insertion: mandible near angle

main action: elevation and protraction

nerve supply: mandibular n. (main trunk)

25
Q

For the following muscle, give the origin, insertion, main action, and nerve supply: lateral pterygoid

A

origin: upper head: greater wing of sphenoid; lower head: pterygoid plate
insertion: pterygoid fovea, capsule of TMJ, articular disk near neck of mandible

main action: protraction and side-to-side movement

nerve supply: mandibular nerve (anterior div)

26
Q

What type of joint is the TMJ?

A

synovial

27
Q

The articular surfaces of the TMJ (articular tubercle and mandibular fossa) are covered by what type of cartilage?

A

fibrocartilage

28
Q

The upper part of the TMJ cavity allows the head of the mandible to do what?

A

protract and retract

29
Q

The lower part of the TMJ cavity allow what type of movement?

A

hinge-like (elevation and depression)

30
Q

What is the strongest ligament in the temporal region?

A

lateral tempomandibular (from zygomatic arch to lateral neck of mandible)

31
Q

The pterygomandibular ligament is from the pterygoid ___ to the end of the ___ line

A

hamulus; mylohyoid

32
Q

The sphenomandibular ligament is from the spine of the ___ to the ___ an medial part of the ___

A

sphenoid; lingula; ramus

33
Q

The stylomandibular ligament is form the ___ process to the posterior part of the ___

A

styloid; angle

34
Q

For the following set of actions, name the muscles involved: protraction

A

Lateral pterygoid
Medial pterygoid (assists)
Masseter (superficial head)

35
Q

For the following set of actions, name the muscles involved: retraction

A

Temporalis
Geniohyoid
Digastric

36
Q

For the following set of actions, name the muscles involved: elevation

A

Temporalis
Masseter
Medial pterygoid

37
Q

For the following set of actions, name the muscles involved: depression

A

Gravity
Digastric
Geniohyoid
Mylohyoid

38
Q

For the following set of actions, name the muscles involved: side-to-side

A

2 pterygoid muscles

39
Q

What is the blood supply to the temporal region? (one artery)

A

maxillary a.

40
Q

What is the nerve supply to the temporal region? (2 nerves)

A

auriculotemporal n.

nerve to masseter

41
Q

What causes dislocation of TMJ?

A

excessive contraction of lateral pterygoid during yawning or taking a large bite causing anterior dislocation of the mandibular head

42
Q

Arthritis of the TMJ may lead to clicking due to delayed anterior movement of the __ during mandibular depression and elevation

A

disc

43
Q

What are the muscles attached to the external surface of mandible? (3)

A

platysma: insertion
masseter: insertion
buccinator: origin

Anatomy Exam (32 decks)

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