Temporal Region and Parotid Gland

Question 1

What is the artery, vein, and nerve found on the upper end of the parotid gland?

Answer 1

A: superficial temporal a.
V: superficial temporal v.
N: auriculotemporal n.

Question 2

What is the artery, vein, and nerve found on the lower end of the parotid gland?

Answer 2

A: ECA
V: 2 divisions of retromandibular v.
N: cervical branch of facial n.

Question 3

What is found on anterior border of the parotid gland?

Answer 3

accessory part of parotid gland, parotid duct, branches of facial n.

Question 4

What are the structures found within the parotid gland? (AVN)

Answer 4

A: ECA
V: retromandibular v.
N: facial n.

Question 5

What are the two muscles and bone found on the anteriomedial surface of the parotid gland?

Answer 5

muscles: masseter; medial pterygoid
bone: ramus

Question 6

What are the muscles (2) and bones (2) found on the posteromedial surface of the parotid gland?

Answer 6

muscles: sternomastoid; posterior belly of digastric
bones: mastoid process; styloid process

note: ICA and IJV are also found here

Question 7

In regards to the parotid fascia, its deep medial part extends from the styloid process to the angle of the mandible and thickens to form the ___ ligament

Answer 7

stylomandibular

Question 8

What is found on the lateral surface of the parotid gland?

Answer 8

skin, fascia, lymph nodes, branches of great auricular n.

Question 9

The parotid duct runs forwards over the ____ muscle and then pierces the ___ muscle.

Answer 9

masseter; buccinator

Question 10

The parotid duct opens in the vestibule of the mouth opposite the upper ___ ___ tooth

Answer 10

2nd molar

Question 11

What is the sensory nerve supply to the parotid gland?

Answer 11

auricolotemporal n.

Question 12

In regards to the secretomotor parasympathetic supply to the parotid gland, preganlgionic fibers: the tympanic branch of the ___ nerve enters the tympanic cavity to share in tympanic plexus of nerves and leave the cavity as the ___ ___ nerve

Answer 12

glossopharyngeal; lesser petrosal

Question 13

In regards to the secretomotor parasympathetic supply to the parotid gland, the lesser petrosal n. relays in the ___ ganglion which is associated with the mandibular nerve

Answer 13

otic

Question 14

In regards to the secretomotor parasympathetic supply to the parotid gland, postganglionic fibers:pass with the _____ n. to the gland

Answer 14

auriculotemporal

Question 15

Someone who has stones in the parotid duct presents with intense pain during ___

Answer 15

salivation

Question 16

If a stone is in the anterior part of the parotid duct, how is it treated? If its in the posterior part?

Answer 16

anterior part: incision of buccal mucosa allowing stone removal

posterior part: excision of the gland

Question 17

Tumors of the parotid gland may involve 1 or more branches of the ___ nerve within the gland

Answer 17

facial

Question 18

___ virus is a common cause of inflammation of the gland and the duct

Answer 18

mumps

Question 19

Severe pain especially during chewing (localized at TMJ and external auditory meatus) and swelling of the cheek is a complaint of what?

Answer 19

mumps

note: pain at external auditory meatus because auricolotemporal n. is sensory to gland and skin over the temporal fossa and auricle

Question 20

What is the sign of mumps?

Answer 20

redness on the papilla in the vestibule of the mouth- differentiates from tooth ache

Question 21

Inflammation of the gland in adults may be serious leaving complications as ___ or ___

Answer 21

orchitis (inflamed testes); pancreatitis

Question 22

For the following muscle, give the origin, insertion, main action, and nerve supply: temporalis

Answer 22

origin: floor of temporal fossa and deep temporal fascia
insertion: coronoid process and ramus of mandible

main action: elevation and retraction

nerve supply: mandibular n. (anterior div)

Question 23

For the following muscle, give the origin, insertion, main action, and nerve supply: masseter

Answer 23

origin: deep head: zygomatic arch; superficial head: maxillary process of zygomatic bone
insertion: lateral surface of ramus

main action: deep head: elevation; superficial head: elevation and protraction

nerve supply: mandibular n. (anterior div)

Question 24

For the following muscle, give the origin, insertion, main action, and nerve supply: medial pterygoid

Answer 24

origin: deep head: pterygoid plate; superficial head: maxillary tuberosity
insertion: mandible near angle

main action: elevation and protraction

nerve supply: mandibular n. (main trunk)

Question 25

For the following muscle, give the origin, insertion, main action, and nerve supply: lateral pterygoid

Answer 25

origin: upper head: greater wing of sphenoid; lower head: pterygoid plate insertion: pterygoid fovea, capsule of TMJ, articular disk near neck of mandible main action: protraction and side-to-side movement nerve supply: mandibular nerve (anterior div)

Question 26

What type of joint is the TMJ?

Answer 26

synovial

Question 27

The articular surfaces of the TMJ (articular tubercle and mandibular fossa) are covered by what type of cartilage?

Answer 27

fibrocartilage

Question 28

The upper part of the TMJ cavity allows the head of the mandible to do what?

Answer 28

protract and retract

Question 29

The lower part of the TMJ cavity allow what type of movement?

Answer 29

hinge-like (elevation and depression)

Question 30

What is the strongest ligament in the temporal region?

Answer 30

lateral tempomandibular (from zygomatic arch to lateral neck of mandible)

Question 31

The pterygomandibular ligament is from the pterygoid ___ to the end of the ___ line

Answer 31

hamulus; mylohyoid

Question 32

The sphenomandibular ligament is from the spine of the ___ to the ___ an medial part of the ___

Answer 32

sphenoid; lingula; ramus

Question 33

The stylomandibular ligament is form the ___ process to the posterior part of the ___

Answer 33

styloid; angle

Question 34

For the following set of actions, name the muscles involved: protraction

Answer 34

Lateral pterygoid Medial pterygoid (assists) Masseter (superficial head)

Question 35

For the following set of actions, name the muscles involved: retraction

Answer 35

Temporalis Geniohyoid Digastric

Question 36

For the following set of actions, name the muscles involved: elevation

Answer 36

Temporalis Masseter Medial pterygoid

Question 37

For the following set of actions, name the muscles involved: depression

Answer 37

Gravity Digastric Geniohyoid Mylohyoid

Question 38

For the following set of actions, name the muscles involved: side-to-side

Answer 38

2 pterygoid muscles

Question 39

What is the blood supply to the temporal region? (one artery)

Answer 39

maxillary a.

Question 40

What is the nerve supply to the temporal region? (2 nerves)

Answer 40

auriculotemporal n. | nerve to masseter

Question 41

What causes dislocation of TMJ?

Answer 41

excessive contraction of lateral pterygoid during yawning or taking a large bite causing anterior dislocation of the mandibular head

Question 42

Arthritis of the TMJ may lead to clicking due to delayed anterior movement of the __ during mandibular depression and elevation

Answer 42

disc

Question 43

What are the muscles attached to the external surface of mandible? (3)

Answer 43

platysma: insertion masseter: insertion buccinator: origin