Lecture 21 - Skull and Cranial Nerves I

Question 1

What is the neurocranium?

Answer 1

Braincase

Question 2

What is the function of the neurocranium?

Answer 2

Protect the brain

Question 3

What is the facial skeleton called?

Answer 3

Splanchnocranium

Question 4

What is the function of the splanchnocranium?

Answer 4

Face, sensory components, and masticatory apparatus

Question 5

What are the three dorsal bones of the neurocranium?

Answer 5

Frontal, parietal, and the interparietal portion of the occipital

Question 6

What is different about the frontal and parietal bone?

Answer 6

Both are bilaterally symmetrical

Question 7

What is the function of the temporal fossa/line?

Answer 7

Contains the temporal muscle and fascia

Question 8

What are the four ventral bones of the brain case?

Answer 8

Presphenoid, pterygoid, basisphenoid, and occipital

Question 9

What canal is within the occipital bone?

Answer 9

Hypoglossal canal

Question 10

What canals are within the basisphenoid bone?

Answer 10

Optic canal, Foramen rotundu, Foramen ovale, and Hypophyseal fossa

Question 11

What are pterygoid processes?

Answer 11

Ventral projections of basisphenoid

Question 12

What fossa are located within the temporal bone?

Answer 12

Mandibular fossa and stylomastoid foramen

Question 13

What six bones line the brain cavity?

Answer 13

Occipital, parietal, frontal, petrous temporal, basisphenoidm and presphenoid

Question 14

What does the neurocranium contain?

Answer 14

Cranial cavity

Question 15

What are the two types of bone in the neurocraninal bones?

Answer 15

Compact and trabecular

Question 16

What is compact bone?

Answer 16

Inner and outer tables, inner usually thiner

Question 17

What is trabecular bone?

Answer 17

Between inner and outer tables of compact bone, contain red bone marrow

Question 18

What is diploic bone?

Answer 18

Spongy bone between flat cranial bones

Question 19

What are sutures in the skull made up of?

Answer 19

Sharpey’s fibers (type 1 collagen)

Question 20

What do the sharpey’s fibers do?

Answer 20

Connect periosteum to the bone, provides strength and absorbs bone strain across suture

Question 21

What happens when equines fall on their poll?

Answer 21

Basisphenoid fractures and avulsion of the longus capitus

Possible acute optic nerve damage

Question 22

What are the three types of skull fractures?

Answer 22

Depressed - Linear - Comminuted

Question 23

What is a depressed skull fracture?

Answer 23

Fragment of bone is depressed inward to compress or injure the brain

Question 24

What is a linear fracture?

Answer 24

Usually occur at the point of impact, with fracture lines radiating away in two or more directions

Question 25

What is a comminuted fracture?

Answer 25

Bone is broken into several pieces

Question 26

What is the rostrum portion of the skull made up of?

Answer 26

Premaxilla, maxilla, palatine, nasal, lacrimal, and portions of the frontals and zygomatics

Question 27

What is the hard palate made up of?

Answer 27

Premaxilla, maxilla, palatine, upper portion of "dental battery"

Question 28

What is within the nasal choane?

Answer 28

Nasal conchae

Question 29

What are nasal conchae?

Answer 29

Thin, scroll-like bones that are covered with repiratory and nasal epithelia

Question 30

What makes up the bony orbit?

Answer 30

Zygomatic, lacrimal, frontal, maxilla, and palatine

Question 31

What ligament is with in the orbit of the eye?

Answer 31

Postorbital ligament

Question 32

What is the floor of the orbit formed by?

Answer 32

Processes of zygomatic, maxilla, and palatine

Question 33

What is the zygomatic arch?

Answer 33

Formed via the temporal process of the zygomatic bone and the zygomatic process of the temporal bone

Question 34

What muscle's origin is the zygomatic arch?

Answer 34

Masseter muscle (ventral edge of the zygomatic arch)

Question 35

What does the mandible articulate with?

Answer 35

Temporal, at the temporomandibular joint

Question 36

What is within the mandible?

Answer 36

Lower dental battery

Question 37

What foramen are within the mandible?

Answer 37

Mental foramina and mandibular foramen

Question 38

What does CN I exit out of?

Answer 38

Cribiform plate

Question 39

What does CN V1 exit out of?

Answer 39

Maxillary foramen

Question 40

What does CN II exit out of?

Answer 40

Optic canal

Question 41

What does CN XII exit out of?

Answer 41

Hypoglossal canal

Question 42

What does CN IX, X, and XI exit out of?

Answer 42

Jugular foramen

Question 43

What does CN VII and VIII exit out of?

Answer 43

Internal acoustic meatus

Question 44

What does CN III, IV, and VI exit out of?

Answer 44

Orbital fissure

Question 45

What does CN V2 exit out of?

Answer 45

Round foramen

Question 46

What does CN V3 exit out of?

Answer 46

Oval foramen