Lecture 30 - Nasal Cavity II

Question 1

What are the three paranasal sinuses?

Answer 1

Maxilla - Frontal - Sphenoid

Question 2

What is the “fake” sinus in some animals?

Answer 2

Ethmoid

Question 3

In the dog and cat, what is the most identifiable sinus?

Answer 3

Frontal

Question 4

What invades the frontal sinus?

Answer 4

Ethmoturbinates

Question 5

Why is the maxillary sinus in dogs and cats known as the maxillary recess?

Answer 5

Not a small opening in the nasal cavity - there is a broad open communication

Question 6

Where is the sphenoid sinus located?

Answer 6

Within the presphenoid bone

Question 7

What is the difference between the dog and cat sphenoid sinus?

Answer 7

Dogs is filled with ethmoturbinates

Question 8

What happens in the paranasal sinuses of non-carnivoran domestic animals?

Answer 8

very enlarged - invade adjacent bones (palatine, lacrimal, and nasal conchae)

Question 9

Why are infections common in the paranasal sinus?

Answer 9

Because the foramen to drain these cavities doesn’t allow passive drainage when animal is in normal posture

Question 10

What is a side function of the dorsal portion of the frontal sinus?

Answer 10

Protects the braincase - why it is hard to kill a pig and cow at this location

Question 11

Why do the molars cause a problem with the maxillary sinus?

Answer 11

Roots grow into the sinus
Transfer infection
Can damage when those teeth are removed

Question 12

What are the two basic parts of the palate?

Answer 12

Hard palate

Soft palate

Question 13

What two foramen are within the palatine bone?

Answer 13

Major and minor palatine foramen

Question 14

What are Rugae?

Answer 14

Transverse ridges in mucosa

Question 15

What are the function of the Rugae?

Answer 15

Help direct food caudally in oral cavity

Question 16

Where is the incisive papilla?

Answer 16

Raised bump directly caudal to the central incisors

Question 17

What is different about the rostral end of a cattles hard pallet?

Answer 17

No incisors, has a dental pad

Question 18

What is the basic function of the soft palate?

Answer 18

Some control over separation between digestive and respiratory pathway

Question 19

What does the palatinus muscle do?

Answer 19

Shortens and ventrally curls palate

Question 20

What is the origin of the levator veli palatini?

Answer 20

Muscular process of the temporal bone

Question 21

What is the insertion of the levator veli palatini?

Answer 21

Dorsal surface of the soft palate

Question 22

What nerve innervates the levator veli palatini?

Answer 22

Branch of the pharyngeal plexus

Mostly CN X and some CN IX

Question 23

What is the action of the levator veli palatini?

Answer 23

Elevate soft palate

Question 24

What is the origin of the tensor veli palatini?

Answer 24

Muscular process of the temporal bone

Question 25

What is the insertion point of the tensor veli palatini?

Answer 25

Lateral soft edge of the soft paalte after wrapping around pterygoid hamulus

Question 26

What nerve innervates the tensor veli palatini?

Answer 26

Mandibular nerve

Question 27

What is the action of the tensor veli palatini?

Answer 27

Tense the soft palate

Question 28

What does the palatoglossus do?

Answer 28

From the lateral aspect of the palate to the tongue

Question 29

Where is the palatopharyngeus?

Answer 29

Caudolateral aspect of the palate to the pharyngeal wall

Question 30

What nerve innervates the palatoglossus and palatopharyngeus?

Answer 30

CN X

Question 31

What do the palato. muscles form bilaterally?

Answer 31

Palatoglossal arch

Question 32

What is present within the tonsilar fossa?

Answer 32

Palatine tonsil

Question 33

What are the three major palatine arteries?

Answer 33

Descending - Major - Minor

Question 34

What is the path of the minor palatine artery?

Answer 34

Passes caudual to the margin of the hard palate to reach the soft palate

Question 35

What is the path of the major palatine artery?

Answer 35

Enters caudal palatine foramen and passes through the canal to reach hard palate

Question 36

What does the descending palatine artery give rise to?

Answer 36

Major palatine artery

Question 37

Where does the major palatine artery split?

Answer 37

Ventral end of the palatine canal

Question 38

What happens to the rostral branch of the major palatine artery?

Answer 38

Runs through the palatine groove to the palatine fissure and gives off branch to nasal cavity

Question 39

What happens to the caudal branch of the major palatine foramen?

Answer 39

Exits the minor palatine foramen and forms an anastomosis between major and minor palatine arteries

Question 40

What branches come off the maxillary and that supply sensory to the palatine mucosa?

Answer 40

Major palatine - Accessory palatine - Minor palatine

Question 41

What is structurally wrong with dogs that experiance branchycephalic syndrome?

Answer 41

Stenotic nares
Obstructed nasal cavity
Elongated soft palate
Hypoplastic trachea

Question 42

What can be a secondary problem from brachycephalic syndrom?

Answer 42

Tracheal/laryngeal collapse

Question 43

What is different about the equine soft palate?

Answer 43

Especially long and hangs rostral and ventral to epiglottis

Palatopharyngeus muscle wraps around laryngeal opening

Question 44

What are paranasal sinuses?

Answer 44

Bones in nasal cavity that are excavated by pockets of non-olfactory mucosa that grow outward