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1
Q

Larynx: lies over which vertebre?

A

C3-C6

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2
Q

Location of Larynx:

  • Connects inferior portion of pharynx with ??
  • Inferior and anterior to ??
  • Anterior to ??
  • Superior to ??
  • Posterior to ??
A
  • trachea
  • pharynx
  • esophagus
  • trachea
  • thyroid gland
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3
Q

Functions of Larynx?

A

Guard airway passages (from food and fluid)

Phonation/voice production

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4
Q

Cartilages of the larynx??

  • Unpaired (3)?
  • Paired (3)?
A

UNPAIRED:

  • Thyroid cartilage (2)
  • Larygneal Prominence “adams apple”
  • Superior and Inferior Horns (projections from posterior surfaces of thyroid cartilage)
  • Cricoid cartilage (ring shaped like a signet)
  • -Made up of hyaline cartilage
    • attached to first trach ring inferiorly by circotracheal ligament

*epiglottic cartilage:
connected to thyroid cartilage at base by thryoepiglottic ligament

PAIRED:

  • Arytenoid
  • Corniculate
  • Cuneiform
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5
Q

How does sup. horn of thryoid cartilage attach to hyoid bone?

A

thryohoid membrane

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6
Q

epiglottic cartilage is

connected to thyroid cartilage by?

A

thyroepiglottic ligament

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7
Q

thryoid cartilage is at the superior border is at what vertebrae?

A

C4

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8
Q

inferior horn attaches to cricoid cartilage at what joint?

A

cricothryoid joint?

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9
Q

What is the cricothyroid joint?

Why is this important??

A

articulation of thryoid and cricoid cartilage

{anterior aspect, where inf. horn of thyroid cartilage meets cricoid c.)

!!! V imporatnat because its main movments are rotation and gliding of vocal folds

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10
Q

The Cricoid cartilage is attached to the inferior margin of the thyroid cartilage by the ????? ligament and to the first tracheal ring inferiorly by the ??? ligament

A
  • median cricothyroid ligament

- cricotracheal ligament

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11
Q

superior border of thyroid cartillage at what cervical vertebre?

A

C4

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12
Q

Laryngeal prominence is known to lay person as?

what is it actually?

A

Adams apple

-union of two laminae of thyroid cartilage

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13
Q

posterior attachemnt of the vocal ligaments is?

A

vocal process of the arytendoid cartilage

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14
Q

imporatance of musclar process of arytenoid c.?

A

its a lever, where post and lat crico-artynoid muslces attach

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15
Q

false cords?

A

vestibular folds created by vestibule of epiglottis

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16
Q

action of cricothyroid muscles?

A

lengthening (increasing tension) of vocal ligaments

pulls thyroid forward and down

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17
Q

action of pos. cricoarytenoid m.

A

pulls muscular process of arytenoid inward which then pulls vocal process outwards to ABDuct vocal ligaments

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18
Q

action of lateral cricoartenoid muscles

A

attached to muscular process and inserts near ant. arch of cricoid car. so pulls muscular ligaments anterorly which which pulls vocal ligaments closed so ADDuction of VL

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19
Q

action of trans. and obliq. arytenoid m.

A

ADDuction of VL

sit on inside aspect of cricoid lamina so pulls the entire arytenoid cart. together which pulls VL together

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20
Q

action of vocalis and thyroarytenoid m.

A

-on lateral aspect of vocalis m.

pulls arytenoids closer to thryoid c. so shorts VL

shortening (RELAXATION) of vocal ligaments

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21
Q

Which muscles short vs. length vocal ligaments

A
  • shorten: thyroarytenoid m

- length: cricothryoid m

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22
Q

What are the vocal folds made up of?

A

thickening of elastic tissue that is the medial free edge of conus elasticus

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23
Q

If vocal ligaments are ADducted, what is happening to airway?

A

airway is closed off

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24
Q

Rima vestibuli?

A

“virtual space” between vestibular ligaments

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25
lateral recesses between vocal and vestibular folds are called?
laryngeal ventricles
26
ant. attachments of constrictor muscles
- sup: buccopharyngeal raphe - med: greater horn hyoid bone - inf: thyroid cartilage
27
Aterial supply of esophagus comes from what vessles?
- inferior phrenic artery (IVC drainage) | - left gastric artery (portal drainage)
28
Quadrangular membrane
mucus membrane from aryepiglottic fold to vestibular folds
29
Retropharyngeal space
Infection connection!!! sits inbetween prevertebral fasical and buccopharyngeal fascia blends with pericardium inferiorly
30
piriform fossa/recess
on either side of larynx, where base (cuniform &corniculate ). from membrane tightly covering lamina of cricoid c. -branches of internal laryngeal nerve runs just behind this membrane food gets TRAPPED HERE.
31
in oropharynx, what are the two arches and what muscle runs deep to their mucosa?
- palatoglossal arch & m. (more ant) | - palatophargneal arch and muscle (more post)
32
describe laryngeal inlet
connects pharynx w/ larynx -bound by epiglottis, aryepiglottic fold and corniculate c.
33
laryngeal vestibule
between laryngeal inlet and vestibular folds
34
Laryngeal ventricle
recess between vestibular and vocal folds bilaterally
35
infraglottic cavity
area below vocal folds aka where trachea begins after vocal cords
36
glottis
vocal apparatus so vocal folds + rima glottis
37
rima glottis
space in between vocal ligaments when open
38
intrinsic laryngeal muscles - in general: what does this mean (like dont tell me the specific muscles) - types?
these are the muscles that alter vocal folds and shape/size of rimi glottis 2 types: -tension (controls vocal pitch) -Size of rima glottis
39
Name all 6 intrinsic laryngeal muslces
Tension: "See TV creates tension in the larynx" - Cricothyorid - Thyro-arytenoid - vocalis Size: "directions, everywhere but forward (ant)" *post, lateral, transverse/olique) -posterior cricoarytenoid (only ABduct m) ADDuct: - lateral cricoartytenoid - traverse/oblique arteyntoid
40
6 muscles of pharynx
Constrictors: -sup, mid, inf constrictors Longitudinal: - Salpingopharyngeus - palatophargyngeus - stylophargenus (9)
41
Innervation of intrinsic laryngeal m?
- Cricoidthryoid: EXTERNAL Larygneal - thryro-artenoid (inferior laryn.) - Vocalis (inferior laryn.) - post cricoarytenoid (inferior laryn.) - lateral cricoarytenoid (inferior laryn.) - Trans/oblique arytenoid (inferior laryn.)
42
Extrinsic laryngeal muscles?
move larynx as whole - infrahyoid: depress hyoid and larynx - suprahyoid m - stylopharyngeus: elevate hyoid and larynx during swallowing or talking
43
Recurrent laryngeal nerve – provides ?? Superior laryngeal nerve – the internal branch provides ??? -external branch provides ??
- sensory innervation to the infraglottis, and motor innervation to all the internal muscles of larynx (except the cricothyroid). - Internal: provides sensory innervation to the supraglottis External: provides motor innervation to the cricothyroid muscle.
44
longer/tensed vocal folds would create what pitch? which muscles do this?
higher pitch JUST cricothyroid
45
shorter/relaxed vocal folds? muscles?
-lower pitch - lateral cricoartenoid - trans/oblique arteyonid
46
how do the vocal folds change during exhalation, inhilation, and talking?
exhaliation and talking= vocal cords are close together inhilation= widens gaps
47
how does thryoartendoid and vocalis affect vocal cords?
-loosen and shorten cord to make lower pitch
48
What effect does cricothyroid have on vocal cords?
stetches and lengths cords to make high pitch sounds
49
epiglottis is made out of what cartilage?
-elastic all other cartilage from larynx is hyaline
50
attachement of cuneiform?
not attached to any other cartilage | -bumbs wihin aryepiglotic fold
51
only muscle that opens airway?
posterior cricoartenoid | only muscle that ABDucts vocal cords
52
space above vocal folds vs. below vocal folds?
above: quadrangular membrane below: conus elasticus
53
mucosa above vocal cords is made of what type of tissue? why is this beneficial?
-stratified squamous epi this is resistent to abrasion from swallowed items
54
musoca below vocal cords is made of?
respiratory epithemlim | aka mucous and cillia nothing but air
55
if you want to increase the volume of sound, how will you need to move the vocal cords?
not relevant, loudness depends upon force of air across the vocal folds
56
movement of vocal cords during swallowing?
CLOSED. sphincter function of the larynx is activated during valsalva maneuver
57
movement of vocalis?
relaxes/shortens cords | so deepens/lowers the pitch
58
internal fasica lining of constrictor muscles?
pharyngobasilar fascia
59
external fasica lining 3 constrictor muscles?
buccopharygneal fascia
60
Superior to Superior constrictor?
-levator veli palatini, euchsatchin tube, ascending palatine artery this is where two fascias (pharyngobasilar and buccopharyngeal become a single mucus membrane that makes up the pharyngeal recess)
61
gap between sup and middle constrictors?
-stylophargeeous, glossopharygeal nerve, stylohoid ligament to internal pharygneal wall
62
gap between middle and inf constrictors
internal layrneal nerve and superior layrngeal art and vein to pass to larynx
63
inferior to inferor phary. constrictor
recurrent LN and in larydeal art to pass upward to larynx
64
Main action of consrictors muslcess
constrict walls during swallowing to move food down
65
superior constrictor innervation
Vagus and pharygeal plexus
66
middle pharygeal constrictor innervation
pharygneal branch of X, phargeal plexus, exernal & reccurent larygneal nerve
67
infer. pharygeal constcitor innervation
vagus, phary. plexus, external reccurent and reccurent larygn. nerve
68
Innervation of Salpingopharyngeus
- Pharyngeal branch of Vagus | - pharygneal plexus
69
Innervation of Palatopharyngeus
Form walls of laryngopharx and make up palatophargyngeal arch - -Pharyngeal branch of Vagus - pharygneal plexus
70
Stylopharyngeus innervtation
CN 9

Anatomy Exam (32 decks)

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