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Anatomy Exam > Demo > Flashcards

Demo Flashcards

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1
Q

Larynx: lies over which vertebre?

A

C3-C6

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2
Q

Location of Larynx:

  • Connects inferior portion of pharynx with ??
  • Inferior and anterior to ??
  • Anterior to ??
  • Superior to ??
  • Posterior to ??
A
  • trachea
  • pharynx
  • esophagus
  • trachea
  • thyroid gland
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3
Q

Functions of Larynx?

A

Guard airway passages (from food and fluid)

Phonation/voice production

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4
Q

Cartilages of the larynx??

  • Unpaired (3)?
  • Paired (3)?
A

UNPAIRED:

  • Thyroid cartilage (2)
  • Larygneal Prominence “adams apple”
  • Superior and Inferior Horns (projections from posterior surfaces of thyroid cartilage)
  • Cricoid cartilage (ring shaped like a signet)
  • -Made up of hyaline cartilage
    • attached to first trach ring inferiorly by circotracheal ligament

*epiglottic cartilage:
connected to thyroid cartilage at base by thryoepiglottic ligament

PAIRED:

  • Arytenoid
  • Corniculate
  • Cuneiform
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5
Q

How does sup. horn of thryoid cartilage attach to hyoid bone?

A

thryohoid membrane

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6
Q

epiglottic cartilage is

connected to thyroid cartilage by?

A

thyroepiglottic ligament

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7
Q

thryoid cartilage is at the superior border is at what vertebrae?

A

C4

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8
Q

inferior horn attaches to cricoid cartilage at what joint?

A

cricothryoid joint?

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9
Q

What is the cricothyroid joint?

Why is this important??

A

articulation of thryoid and cricoid cartilage

{anterior aspect, where inf. horn of thyroid cartilage meets cricoid c.)

!!! V imporatnat because its main movments are rotation and gliding of vocal folds

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10
Q

The Cricoid cartilage is attached to the inferior margin of the thyroid cartilage by the ????? ligament and to the first tracheal ring inferiorly by the ??? ligament

A
  • median cricothyroid ligament

- cricotracheal ligament

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11
Q

superior border of thyroid cartillage at what cervical vertebre?

A

C4

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12
Q

Laryngeal prominence is known to lay person as?

what is it actually?

A

Adams apple

-union of two laminae of thyroid cartilage

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13
Q

posterior attachemnt of the vocal ligaments is?

A

vocal process of the arytendoid cartilage

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14
Q

imporatance of musclar process of arytenoid c.?

A

its a lever, where post and lat crico-artynoid muslces attach

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15
Q

false cords?

A

vestibular folds created by vestibule of epiglottis

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16
Q

action of cricothyroid muscles?

A

lengthening (increasing tension) of vocal ligaments

pulls thyroid forward and down

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17
Q

action of pos. cricoarytenoid m.

A

pulls muscular process of arytenoid inward which then pulls vocal process outwards to ABDuct vocal ligaments

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18
Q

action of lateral cricoartenoid muscles

A

attached to muscular process and inserts near ant. arch of cricoid car. so pulls muscular ligaments anterorly which which pulls vocal ligaments closed so ADDuction of VL

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19
Q

action of trans. and obliq. arytenoid m.

A

ADDuction of VL

sit on inside aspect of cricoid lamina so pulls the entire arytenoid cart. together which pulls VL together

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20
Q

action of vocalis and thyroarytenoid m.

A

-on lateral aspect of vocalis m.

pulls arytenoids closer to thryoid c. so shorts VL

shortening (RELAXATION) of vocal ligaments

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21
Q

Which muscles short vs. length vocal ligaments

A
  • shorten: thyroarytenoid m

- length: cricothryoid m

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22
Q

What are the vocal folds made up of?

A

thickening of elastic tissue that is the medial free edge of conus elasticus

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23
Q

If vocal ligaments are ADducted, what is happening to airway?

A

airway is closed off

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24
Q

Rima vestibuli?

A

“virtual space” between vestibular ligaments

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25
Q

lateral recesses between vocal and vestibular folds are called?

A

laryngeal ventricles

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26
Q

ant. attachments of constrictor muscles

A
  • sup: buccopharyngeal raphe
  • med: greater horn hyoid bone
  • inf: thyroid cartilage
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27
Q

Aterial supply of esophagus comes from what vessles?

A
  • inferior phrenic artery (IVC drainage)

- left gastric artery (portal drainage)

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28
Q

Quadrangular membrane

A

mucus membrane from aryepiglottic fold to vestibular folds

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29
Q

Retropharyngeal space

A

Infection connection!!!

sits inbetween prevertebral fasical and buccopharyngeal fascia

blends with pericardium inferiorly

30
Q

piriform fossa/recess

A

on either side of larynx, where base (cuniform &corniculate ).

from membrane tightly covering lamina of cricoid c.

-branches of internal laryngeal nerve runs just behind this membrane

food gets TRAPPED HERE.

31
Q

in oropharynx, what are the two arches and what muscle runs deep to their mucosa?

A
  • palatoglossal arch & m. (more ant)

- palatophargneal arch and muscle (more post)

32
Q

describe laryngeal inlet

A

connects pharynx w/ larynx

-bound by epiglottis, aryepiglottic fold and corniculate c.

33
Q

laryngeal vestibule

A

between laryngeal inlet and vestibular folds

34
Q

Laryngeal ventricle

A

recess between vestibular and vocal folds bilaterally

35
Q

infraglottic cavity

A

area below vocal folds aka where trachea begins after vocal cords

36
Q

glottis

A

vocal apparatus so vocal folds + rima glottis

37
Q

rima glottis

A

space in between vocal ligaments when open

38
Q

intrinsic laryngeal muscles

  • in general: what does this mean (like dont tell me the specific muscles)
  • types?
A

these are the muscles that alter vocal folds and shape/size of rimi glottis
2 types:
-tension (controls vocal pitch)
-Size of rima glottis

39
Q

Name all 6 intrinsic laryngeal muslces

A

Tension: “See TV creates tension in the larynx”

  • Cricothyorid
  • Thyro-arytenoid
  • vocalis

Size: “directions, everywhere but forward (ant)” *post, lateral, transverse/olique)

-posterior cricoarytenoid (only ABduct m)

ADDuct:

  • lateral cricoartytenoid
  • traverse/oblique arteyntoid
40
Q

6 muscles of pharynx

A

Constrictors:
-sup, mid, inf constrictors

Longitudinal:

  • Salpingopharyngeus
  • palatophargyngeus
  • stylophargenus (9)
41
Q

Innervation of intrinsic laryngeal m?

A
  • Cricoidthryoid: EXTERNAL Larygneal
  • thryro-artenoid (inferior laryn.)
  • Vocalis (inferior laryn.)
  • post cricoarytenoid (inferior laryn.)
  • lateral cricoarytenoid (inferior laryn.)
  • Trans/oblique arytenoid (inferior laryn.)
42
Q

Extrinsic laryngeal muscles?

A

move larynx as whole

  • infrahyoid: depress hyoid and larynx
  • suprahyoid m
  • stylopharyngeus: elevate hyoid and larynx during swallowing or talking
43
Q

Recurrent laryngeal nerve – provides ??

Superior laryngeal nerve – the internal branch provides ???

-external branch provides ??

A
  • sensory innervation to the infraglottis, and motor innervation to all the internal muscles of larynx (except the cricothyroid).
  • Internal: provides sensory innervation to the supraglottis

External: provides motor innervation to the cricothyroid muscle.

44
Q

longer/tensed vocal folds would create what pitch?

which muscles do this?

A

higher pitch

JUST cricothyroid

45
Q

shorter/relaxed vocal folds?

muscles?

A

-lower pitch

  • lateral cricoartenoid
  • trans/oblique arteyonid
46
Q

how do the vocal folds change during exhalation, inhilation, and talking?

A

exhaliation and talking= vocal cords are close together

inhilation= widens gaps

47
Q

how does thryoartendoid and vocalis affect vocal cords?

A

-loosen and shorten cord to make lower pitch

48
Q

What effect does cricothyroid have on vocal cords?

A

stetches and lengths cords to make high pitch sounds

49
Q

epiglottis is made out of what cartilage?

A

-elastic

all other cartilage from larynx is hyaline

50
Q

attachement of cuneiform?

A

not attached to any other cartilage

-bumbs wihin aryepiglotic fold

51
Q

only muscle that opens airway?

A

posterior cricoartenoid

only muscle that ABDucts vocal cords

52
Q

space above vocal folds vs. below vocal folds?

A

above: quadrangular membrane
below: conus elasticus

53
Q

mucosa above vocal cords is made of what type of tissue? why is this beneficial?

A

-stratified squamous epi

this is resistent to abrasion from swallowed items

54
Q

musoca below vocal cords is made of?

A

respiratory epithemlim

aka mucous and cillia nothing but air

55
Q

if you want to increase the volume of sound, how will you need to move the vocal cords?

A

not relevant, loudness depends upon force of air across the vocal folds

56
Q

movement of vocal cords during swallowing?

A

CLOSED.

sphincter function of the larynx is activated during valsalva maneuver

57
Q

movement of vocalis?

A

relaxes/shortens cords

so deepens/lowers the pitch

58
Q

internal fasica lining of constrictor muscles?

A

pharyngobasilar fascia

59
Q

external fasica lining 3 constrictor muscles?

A

buccopharygneal fascia

60
Q

Superior to Superior constrictor?

A

-levator veli palatini, euchsatchin tube, ascending palatine artery

this is where two fascias (pharyngobasilar and buccopharyngeal become a single mucus membrane that makes up the pharyngeal recess)

61
Q

gap between sup and middle constrictors?

A

-stylophargeeous, glossopharygeal nerve, stylohoid ligament to internal pharygneal wall

62
Q

gap between middle and inf constrictors

A

internal layrneal nerve and superior layrngeal art and vein to pass to larynx

63
Q

inferior to inferor phary. constrictor

A

recurrent LN and in larydeal art to pass upward to larynx

64
Q

Main action of consrictors muslcess

A

constrict walls during swallowing to move food down

65
Q

superior constrictor innervation

A

Vagus and pharygeal plexus

66
Q

middle pharygeal constrictor innervation

A

pharygneal branch of X, phargeal plexus, exernal & reccurent larygneal nerve

67
Q

infer. pharygeal constcitor innervation

A

vagus, phary. plexus, external reccurent and reccurent larygn. nerve

68
Q

Innervation of Salpingopharyngeus

A
  • Pharyngeal branch of Vagus

- pharygneal plexus

69
Q

Innervation of Palatopharyngeus

A

Form walls of laryngopharx and make up palatophargyngeal arch

  • -Pharyngeal branch of Vagus
  • pharygneal plexus
70
Q

Stylopharyngeus innervtation

A

CN 9

Anatomy Exam (32 decks)

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