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Anatomy Exam > Lecture 18 - The Neck II > Flashcards

Lecture 18 - The Neck II Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary blood supply to the head and neck?

A

Common carotid

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2
Q

Where does the supplemental supply for blood to the head and neck come from?

A

Subclavian arteries

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3
Q

What is the artery of common origin for the carotid and subclavian arteries?

A

Brachiocephalic trunk

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4
Q

What is different about pigs and dogs in regards to their brachiocephalic trunk?

A

Left subclavian has separate origin off of the aorta

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5
Q

What artery supplies branches to the vertebral muscles and spinal cord?

A

Vertebral artery

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6
Q

What path does the vertebral artery take?

A

Passes through the foramina of 6th through 1st cervical vertebra

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7
Q

What two arteries provide minor branches to the neck?

A

Deep cervical artery and superficial cervical artery

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8
Q

Where does the common carotid artery divide?

A

The level of the hyoid

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9
Q

What are the two divisions of the common carotid artery/.

A

Internal and external

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10
Q

What carotid branch supplies most of the head?

A

External carotid artery

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11
Q

Where does the cranial thyroid artery come from?

A

Common carotid artery

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12
Q

What does the cranial thyroid artery supply?

A

Viscera and ventral musculature

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13
Q

What are two important structures of the internal carotid artery?

A

Carotid sinus and carotid body

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14
Q

What is the carotid sinus?

A

Dilation at the origin of the ICA

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15
Q

What is contained within the carotid sinus?

A

Baroreceptors

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16
Q

What is the carotid body?

A

A small mass, adjacent to carotid sinus that contains chemoreceptors

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17
Q

What is the path of the ICA?

A

Goes dorsally to the skull and enters through the carotid canal

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18
Q

What is different about the ICA in ruminants?

A

Develops but ends perinatally

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19
Q

What are the four main branches of the ECA?

A

Cranial laryngeal - Ascending pharyngeal - Lingual - Occipital

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20
Q

What are the two jugular veins?

A

Internal and external

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21
Q

What drains into the external jugular?

A

Primary drainage of the head and neck, including superficial and deep regions

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22
Q

What occurs at the internal jugular?

A

Not much, not very important in most animals

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23
Q

Where is the internal jugular?

A

Within the carotid sheath

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24
Q

Where does the external jugular form?

A

Near angle of the mandible

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25
Q

What muscle does the external jugular cross over?

A

Sternocephalicus

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26
Q

What muscle does the external jugular dive into?

A

Brachiocephalicus

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27
Q

What does the external jugular contribute to?

A

Formation of the cranial vena cava

28
Q

Where is the external jugular found in horses?

A

In the jugular groove between the brachiocephalicus and the sternocephalicus

29
Q

What are the two branches of the primary lymph drainage in the neck?

A

Superficial cervical lymph nodes
– and —
Deep cervical lymph nodes

30
Q

Where are the superfical cervical lymph nodes?

A

Deep to the superficial neck muscles, cranial to the shoulder

31
Q

Where are the deep cervical lymph nodes?

A

Run along length of trachea, often divided into cranial and caudal groups

32
Q

What drains the lymph of the head/neck?

A

Paired tracheal ducts that run the length of the neck

33
Q

Where does the lymph on the left side of the neck drain into?

A

Thoracic duct

34
Q

Where does the lymph on the right side of the neck drain into?

A

Right lymphatic duct

35
Q

What are the three category of nerves found in the neck?

A

Cervical spinal nerves - cranial nerves - autonomic nerves

36
Q

What cranial nerves come out the jugular foramen?

A

CN IX, X, and XI

37
Q

What is CN IX?

A

Glossopharyngeal

38
Q

What is CN X?

A

Vagus

39
Q

What is CN XI?

A

Accessory

40
Q

What cranial nerves are found in the hypoglossal canal?

A

CN XII

41
Q

What is CN XII?

A

Hypoglossal

42
Q

What is the ansa cervicalis?

A

C1 (and some C2) of the ventral ramus join with fibers carried by the hypoglosssal nerve to form loop

43
Q

What function does the ansa cervicalis provide?

A

Motor to the caudal hyoid group, NO SENSORY

44
Q

What muscle do C2 -C5 ventral rami pierce through?

A

Omotransversarius

45
Q

What function do C2-C5 provide?

A

Motor and sensory to the neck

46
Q

What is special about the ventral rami of C5?

A

Provide motor and sensory to the proximal thoracic limb

47
Q

What are the nerves from the ventral ramus of C2?

A

Great auricular n. and Transverse cervical n.

48
Q

What is the sensory distribution for the greater occipital nerve?

A

Rostral portion of ear and top of head

49
Q

What is the greater occipital nerve?

A

dorsal ramus of C2

50
Q

What is the sensory distribution for the great auricular nerve?

A

most rostral part of neck and ear

51
Q

What is the sensory distribution for the transverse cervical nerve?

A

Ventral portion of the neck

52
Q

What is the sensory distribution for the C3 dorsal and ventral rami?

A

Rostral portion of the neck close to the base of the ears

53
Q

What is the sensory distribution for the C4 dorsal and ventral rami?

A

Most caudal of the nerves, and will go into the brachial plexus

54
Q

Where is the vagosympathetic trunk?

A

Within the carotid sheath

55
Q

What is in the vagosympathetic trunk?

A

Cervical sympathetic chain and the vagus nerve

56
Q

What does the cranial cervical ganglion do?

A

Provide sympathetics for most of the head and neck

57
Q

What are the two parts of the salivary glands?

A

Parotid and mandibular

58
Q

Where is the thyroid gland located?

A

Endocrine gland located along the sides of the proximal trachea

59
Q

What does the cranial thyroid vein drain into?

A

Internal jugular

60
Q

What does the caudal thyroid vein drain into?

A

Internal jugular
– OR –
Brachiocephalic

61
Q

What are the lobes of the thyroid associated with?

A

Crainal and caudal parathyroid glands

62
Q

Where is the caudal parathyroid gland?

A

Embedded in the thyroid tissue

63
Q

What is the thyroid isthmus?

A

Additional tissue bridging between the two lobes ventral to the trachea

64
Q

Where is the thyroid isthmus found?

A

Cattle, pigs, and horses

65
Q

What animal has the biggest thyroid isthmus

A

Pig

Anatomy Exam (32 decks)

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