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Histo > TBL 9 (Module V) > Flashcards

TBL 9 (Module V) Flashcards

1
Q

What GI organs are classified as accessory organs?

A

Liver, gall bladder, pancreas

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2
Q

What are the components of the gastrointestinal tract, beginning with the mouth?

A

Oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, anus

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3
Q

In what part of the digestive tract does the majority of absorption take place?

A

Small intestine

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4
Q

What part of the GI tract is responsible for reabsorption of water + elimination of waste?

A

Large intestine

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5
Q

What are the four layers of the GI tract?

A

Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa OR adventitia

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6
Q

Where is masticatory mucosa of the palate found?

A

Lining areas subject to abrasion or shearing, may be partly keratinized or heavily keratinized

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7
Q

Where is nonkeratinized mucosal epithelium of the palate found?

A

Lining cheeks, soft palate, floor of mouth, pharynx

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8
Q

Where is soft mucosa of the palate found?

A

Overlying a thick submucosa rich with minor salivary glands

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9
Q

Name 2 important structures found in the submucosa of the palate

A

Diffuse lymphoid tissue; transient antigen-presenting cells

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10
Q

What histologic tissue type comprises the dorsal surface of the tongue?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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11
Q

What are the functions of the tongue, generally?

A

Mastication, ingestion, speech

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12
Q

Describe the quantity and keratinization of filiform papillae

A

Numerous; heavily keratinized

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13
Q

Which lingual papillae possess taste buds?

A

Fungiform, folate, circumvallate

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14
Q

Which lingual papillae do not possess taste buds?

A

Filiform papillae

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15
Q

Where are lingual papillae found?

A

Dorsal surface of the tongue

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16
Q

Describe the quantity, keratinization and shape of fungiform papillae

A

Less numerous; lightly keratinized; mushroom shape

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17
Q

Describe the location and appearance of folate papillae

A

Lateral surface of tongue; appear in rows

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18
Q

Describe the appearance of circumvallate papillae

A

Very large, lined by stratified squamous epithelia, surrounded by lateral deep trench

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19
Q

What types of cells do taste buds contain?

A

Sensory (gustatory cells), supporting cells, basal stem (dividing) cells

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20
Q

What is the function of gustatory cells?

A

Sample different molecules (tastants) that are dissolved in saliva (sweet, sour, etc)

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21
Q

List the major salivary glands

A

Parotid, submandibular, sublingual

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22
Q

List the minor salivary glands

A

Lingual, labial, buccal, palatine

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23
Q

What are the functions of salivary glands?

A

Moisten/lubricate ingested food, moisten oral cavity to avoid dry mouth, secrete protective products

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24
Q

What is the difference between serous, mucous and mixed acini?

A

Serous acini produce proteins and enzymes, mucous acini produce lubricating mucus, mixed acini produce both

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25
Q

What is the function of myoepithelial cells in salivary glands?

A

Myoepithelial cells contract to move saliva components into duct system

26
Q

What are the components of the duct system?

A

Intercalated ducts, striated ducts, interlobar ducts, lobar ducts

27
Q

What type of acini can be found in the Parotid gland?

A

Serous

28
Q

What salivary gland is associated with CN VII and Mumps?

A

Parotid gland; facial nerve passes through and can be damaged with mumps

29
Q

What type of acini comprises most of the submandibular gland?

A

Predominantly serous acini

30
Q

Which salivary gland produces almost 2/3 of saliva?

A

Submandibular gland

31
Q

Describe the appearance of mucous acini found in the submandibular gland

A

Capped by serous demilunes

32
Q

What is the largest salivary gland? The smallest?

A

Parotid; sublingual

33
Q

Which salivary gland contains short intercalated and striated ducts?

A

Sublingual

34
Q

What type of acini comprises most of the sublingual gland?

A

Mucous (may exhibit serous demilunes, which add amylase and lysozyme)

35
Q

What cells secrete dentin?

A

Odontoblasts

36
Q

What cells produce enamel?

A

Ameloblasts

37
Q

What symptoms are associated with Xerostomia?

A

Diminished salivary secretion, difficulty in chewing and swallowing, inarticulate speech, halitosis

38
Q

In which layer of the esophagus is Meissner’s plexus found?

A

Submucosa

39
Q

In which layer of the esophagus is Auerbach’s plexus found?

A

Muscularis

40
Q

What are the 4 layers of the esophagus?

A

Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, adventitia

41
Q

Describe the muscle type of the muscularis externa of the esophagus

A

Skeletal, mixed, then smooth moving from the upper third to the lower third of the esophagus

42
Q

Describe the disease mechanism of Barrett’s esophagus

A

Esophageal mucosa undergoes dysplasia (to simple columnar epithelia), may result in adenocarcinoma of lower esophagus

43
Q

Describe the functions of the stomach, generally

A

Food mixed with HCl, pepsin, mucus; initiates protein digestion; food transformed to chyme

44
Q

What region of the stomach contains cardiac glands?

A

Cardia

45
Q

What region of the stomach contains gastric glands?

A

Fundus

46
Q

What region of the stomach contains pyloric glands?

A

Pylorus

47
Q

What do cardiac glands contain?

A

Mostly mucous secreting cells

48
Q

What bacteria resists damage from parietal H+?

A

H Pylori

49
Q

What gastric cells will appear intensely eosinophilic d/t the presence of mitochondria?

A

(Active) parietal cells

50
Q

What gastric cells might be associated with pain from PUD?

A

Parietal cells

51
Q

What type of gastric cells possess numerous hormone-containing granules? Where are they found?

A

Enteroendocrine cells; base of fundic pits

52
Q

What types of hormones do enteroendocrine cell granules contain?

A

Gastrin, histamine, glucagon, serotonin, somatostatin

53
Q

What is the effect of serotonin on GI system?

A

Increases gut motility

54
Q

What part of the GI tract contains Brunners’ glands?

A

Duodenal submucosa

55
Q

3 ways by which SI increases its surface area

A

Place circularis, villi, microvilli

56
Q

What part of the GI tract contains Paneth cells?

A

Jejunum

57
Q

Appearance and function of Paneth cells

A

Large, eosinophilic granules with antimicrobial enzymes, lysozyme and defensins; Enzymes digest bacterial walls, rendering Paneth cell capable of phagocytosing bacteria

58
Q

Where is GALT found? What is another name for it?

A

Lamina propria of Ileum; Peyer’s patches

59
Q

What causes Celiac’s disease (in histology)?

A

Gluten triggers immune response, causing loss of microvilli brush border

60
Q

Where are diverticula found? How do they form? What causes diverticulitis?

A

Large intestine; out pockets of mucosa/submucosa; entrapped fecal matter

61
Q

Where do fecaliths form?

A

Appendix

62
Q

What part of the GI tract is associated with peritonitis?

A

Appendix

Histo (13 decks)

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