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Histo > TBL 7 (Module IV) > Flashcards

TBL 7 (Module IV) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two components of the respiratory system?

A

Conducting portion and respiratory portion

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2
Q

What structures are included in the conducting portion of the respiratory system?

A

Nasal cavity, nasopharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchiole, terminal bronchiole

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3
Q

What structures are included in the respiratory portion of the respiratory system?

A

Respiratory bronchiole, alveolar duct, alveoli

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4
Q

What histologic tissue type comprises most of the conducting portion of the respiratory system?

A

Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

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5
Q

What cells are the mucin-producing cells of the ciliated pseudostratified layer?

A

Goblet cells

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6
Q

What histologic structural change differentiates brush cells from the rest of ciliated pseudostratified epithelium?

A

Brush cells have microvilli instead of cilia

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7
Q

Name 2 important properties of brush cells

A

Possess afferent nerve ending on basal surfaces and chemosensory receptors resembling gustatory cells

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8
Q

Where are basal cells found?

A

On basement membrane (do not extend to lumen)

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9
Q

What cells function as stem cells of the ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium of the conduction portion of the respiratory system?

A

Basal cells

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10
Q

What are 3 distinguishing features of olfactory epithelium?

A

No goblet cells, nerve bundles and Bowman’s glands in the the lamina propria

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11
Q

What purpose do nasal conchae serve?

A

Increase turbulence (contact between air and mucosa) within the nasal cavity

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12
Q

What are swell bodies?

A

Complex vasculature just deep to epithelium in nasal cavity

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13
Q

What region of the respiratory system has the most amount of gland in/under the lamina propria?

A

Trachea (sero-mucous glands)

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14
Q

What histologic tissue type is lamina propria?

A

Dense irregular connective tissue

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15
Q

What histologic tissue type is tracheal adventitia?

A

Loose connective tissue

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16
Q

What type of tissue in the respiratory system is associated with C-shaped rings?

A

Trachea

17
Q

What type of cells replace goblet cells in bronchioles?

A

Club cells (also called Clara cells)

18
Q

Absence of what 2 tissues/structures differentiates a bronchiole from other respiratory system tissue (i.e. a bronchi)?

A

Bronchioles have no cartilage and no glands

19
Q

In what part of the respiratory system does the lamina propria contain much more smooth muscle, comparatively?

A

Bronchioles

20
Q

Name 4 functions of club cells

A

Divide and replace type I and II pneumocytes; secrete surfactant components (lipoproteins and mucins); stimulate immune response via cytokines; detoxify noxious substances

21
Q

Name the 3 components of alveolar air spaces

A

surface epithelium, fiber-elastic interstitial and pulmonary capillaries

22
Q

What cell type in alveolar epithelium is designed to function as a thin barrier for gas exchange?

A

Type I pneumocytes

23
Q

What cell type in alveolar epithelium contains lamellar bodies (where newly synthesized surfactant is located)?

A

Type II pneumocytes

24
Q

What is another name for macrophages in the respiratory system?

A

Dust cells

25
Q

Where can macrophages be found in the lungs?

A

Within the alveolar spaces, or in the inter alveolar septum

26
Q

What are hemosiderin-laden macrophages (in the lungs) indicative of?

A

Heart failure

27
Q

What are “heart failure cells”

A

Hemosiderin-laden macrophages in the lungs

28
Q

What are some conditions that may potentiate PE formation?

A

Sedentary routine, post-operative, hyper coagulable state (e.g. pregnancy, obesity)

29
Q

What is meant by the term lung “hilus”

A

Combination of airway, artery and vein

30
Q

What histologic characteristic differentiates a thrombus from an embolus?

A

Lines of Zahn

31
Q

What disease is associated with “consolidation” of lung tissue?

A

Bacterial infection of lung parenchyma

32
Q

What disease is associated with a “Gohn complex” in the lungs?

A

Primary TB infection (complex refers to lymph node + calcification)

33
Q

What disease is associated with “cavitation” usually in the apex of the lung

A

Secondary TB

34
Q

Epitheliod cells appear in what type of tissue?

A

Granuloma

35
Q

What disease is associated with “squamous pearls”?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

36
Q

What two cancers are most commonly associated with metastatic disease of the lungs?

A

Esophageal carcinoma and mediastinal lymphoma

37
Q

What are some risk factors for laryngeal carcinoma?

A

Infection with HPV, asbestos, radiation, smoking, alcohol

Histo (13 decks)

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