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Histo > TBL 4 (Module II) > Flashcards

TBL 4 (Module II) Flashcards

1
Q

What is responsible for collagen production in cartilage?

A

Chondrocytes

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2
Q

What connective tissue fiber types exist in cartilage?

A

Collagen and elastic fibers

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3
Q

What type of connective tissue is present in hyaline cartilage?

A

Type II collagen

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4
Q

What type of connective tissue is present in elastic cartilage?

A

Elastic fibers

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5
Q

What type of connective tissue is present in fibrocartilage?

A

Type I collagen fibers

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6
Q

What is the function of proteoglycans, generally, in cartilage?

A

Holding water

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7
Q

What are the 2 forms of cartilage growth?

A

Appositional and interstitial

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8
Q

Define appositional growth of cartilage

A

New cartilage produced at the surface of existing cartilage, chondroblasts originate from the perichondrium

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9
Q

Define interstitial growth of cartilage

A

New cartilage is produced from within the cartilage plate, growth is by division of the preexisting chondrocytes

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10
Q

What are proteoglycans called in hyaline cartilage?

A

Aggrecan

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11
Q

What are glycoproteins called in hyaline cartilage?

A

Chondronectin

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12
Q

Where can hyaline cartilage be found?

A

Larynx, tracheal rings, bronchus, nose, articular cartilage, fetal skeleton

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13
Q

What types of connective tissue exist in elastic cartilage?

A

Type II collagen, elastic fibers

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14
Q

Where can elastic cartilage be found?

A

Auricle of ear, epiglottis

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15
Q

What histologic layer is present in hyaline and elastic cartilage but not fibrocartilage?

A

Perichondrium

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16
Q

What types of connective tissue are present in fibrocartilage?

A

Type I and type II collagen

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17
Q

What is the function of fibrocartilage?

A

Resist tearing and compression

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18
Q

Where can fibrocartilage be found?

A

Intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis

19
Q

What type of bone exhibits an irregular alignment of collagen fibers?

A

Woven (immature) bone

20
Q

What type of bone exhibits a “reticular” alignment of collagen fibers?

A

Lamellar or compact (mature) bone

21
Q

What 2 layers comprise the periosteum?

A

Inner (cellular) layer of progenitor cells, outer layer of Sharpey’s fibers

22
Q

What connective tissue connects periosteum to the external circumferential lamellae?

A

Type I collagen

23
Q

What are the 4 types of cells associated with bone tissue?

A

Osteoprogenitor cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts

24
Q

Where can osteoprogenitor cells be found?

A

Lining the bone in periosteum and endosteum

25
Q

What is the embryologic origin of osteoprogenitor cells?

A

Mesenchyme

26
Q

What are osteoblasts derived from?

A

Progenitor cells

27
Q

What collagen type is associate with osteoblasts?

A

Type I collagen

28
Q

What are osteocytes derived from?

A

Osteoblasts

29
Q

What is the function of osteoclasts?

A

Bone resorption

30
Q

Define Howship’s lacuna

A

The space between an osteoclast and the adjacent bone tissue

31
Q

What is the origin of osteoclasts?

A

Bone marrow

32
Q

How would you describe the appearance of osteoclasts on an H&E stain?

A

Eosinophilic

33
Q

Define osteon

A

The cylindrical structure within compact bone; central (Haversian) canal is at its center

34
Q

What types of proteoglycans exist in the bone matrix?

A

Chondroitin sulfate, keratan sulfate, hyaluronic acid

35
Q

What inorganic substances exist in bone matrix?

A

Calcium phosphatase, hydroxyapatite

36
Q

What bones (locations) exhibit intramembranous ossification?

A

Flat bones of the skull

37
Q

What bones exhibit endochondral ossification?

A

Long and short bones

38
Q

What is the 1 area in bone not covered in perichondrium?

A

Articular surface

39
Q

What part of the bone is associated with appositional growth?

A

Perichondrium (remember: bone does not exhibit interstitial growth)

40
Q

Describe the function of parathyroid hormone

A

Responds to low blood calcium levels; targets the osteoblast to stimulate osteoclast activity, which results in increased blood calcium

41
Q

Describe the function of calcitonin

A

Responds to high blood calcium to directly inhibit osteoclast activity

42
Q

What pathway involves the RANK ligand?

A

Osteoclastogenesis

43
Q

What 3 things do osteoblasts produce?

A

Collagen, proteoglycans, alkaline phosphatase (NOT calcium)

Histo (13 decks)

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