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Histo > TBL 5 (Module III) > Flashcards

TBL 5 (Module III) Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 4 components of blood vessels?

A

Epithelium, connective tissue, muscle, nerve

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2
Q

What layers are found in arteries and veins (from inside to outside)?

A

Tunica intima, tunica media, tunica adventitia

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3
Q

Which of the 3 vessel layers is thicker in large arteries (such as the aorta)?

A

Tunica media (also it is rich in elastic fibers)

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4
Q

Which of the 3 vessel layers is thicker in large veins (such as the vena cava)?

A

Tunica adventitia

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5
Q

Where is the IEL found?

A

Separating the tunica intima from the tunica media

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6
Q

What are the 4 types of arteries?

A

Elastic, muscular, small, arterioles

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7
Q

What vessels are classified as elastic arteries?

A

Aorta, carotids, subclavians

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8
Q

What vessels are classified as muscular arteries?

A

Brahcial, renal, ulnar, femoral

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9
Q

What 2 layers are stretched in an abdominal aortic aneurysm?

A

Tunica media and tunica adventitia

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10
Q

What type of artery is characterized by a noticeably prominent IEL?

A

Muscular arteries

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11
Q

What types of arteries are associated with blood pressure?

A

Muscular arteries and arterioles

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12
Q

What is the cause of arteriosclerosis?

A

Deposits of calcium and elastin

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13
Q

What type of artery is associated with control of blood pressure?

A

Muscular arteries (contracted state maintains blood pressure)

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14
Q

What type of artery is associated with determining blood pressure?

A

Arterioles

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15
Q

Which type of blood vessel could be associated with hypertension? Why?

A

Arterioles, because they act as resistance vessels, to down regulate distribution of blood into capillary beds

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16
Q

Define systolic blood pressure

A

The pressure on blood vessels while the heart is pushing blood through arteries

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17
Q

Define diastolic blood pressure

A

The pressure on blood vessels between beats of the heart, when it is resting

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18
Q

What are metarterioles? What is their role in control of capillary blood flow?

A

Metarterioles are even smaller vessel branches of terminal arterioles. They possess smooth muscle bands thatch as precapillary sphincters, which vasoconstrictor or vasodilator to control blood flow into capillary beds

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19
Q

Describe two consequences of the thin-walled nature of post capillary venules

A

Transendothelial migration, tissue edema

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20
Q

What regions or organ systems contain a high density of capillary networks? Why?

A

Liver, kidney, heart, skeletal muscle. Purpose is to increase area available for exchange.

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21
Q

What are 3 mechanisms of substance exchange in capillaries?

A

Diffusion (lipid soluble assess passing through thin wall), transcytosis, “leaks” between endothelial cells

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22
Q

Define transcytosis

A

Endocytosis on one end, exocytosis on another

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23
Q

Where are pericytes found?

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A

Surrounding capillaries

24
Q

What is the embryologic origin of pericytes?

25
What is the function of pericytes?
Differentiate into smooth muscle cells following injury to endothelium
26
What proteins are found in pericytes?
Tropomyosin, isomyosin (contractile proteins)
27
In what tissues are fenestrated capillaries found?
Endocrine glands, kidney (where rapid interchange of substances is required)
28
Describe the location of fenestrated capillaries in adrenal medulla
Adjacent to chromatin cell(s)
29
What do secretory granules contain in the fenestrated capillaries of the adrenal medulla?
Catecholamine hormones
30
How are catecholamine hormones secreted from granules of the adrenal medulla capillaries?
Exocytosis
31
Where are discontinuous capillaries found?
Liver, spleen, gallbladder
32
What is the difference between discontinuous capillaries and fenestrated capillaries?
Fenestrae in discontinuous capillaries lack diaphragm present in fenestrated capillaries
33
Where do lymphatic capillaries ultimately converge?
Thoracic duct, R lymphatic duct
34
Define lymph
Fluid produced by cells that collects in tissue spaces
35
Define neuromuscular bundle
Artery, vein and nerve traveling together
36
Describe the appearance of nerves that travel in neuromuscular bundles
Nerve fascicles contained in a perineurial sheath
37
What are small blood vessels in the tunica adventitia termed?
Vaso vasora
38
What type of collagen is produced by the tunica media?
Type III collagen
39
What type of collagen predominates in the tunica adventitia?
Type I collagen
40
What body systems/movements aid in the return of venous blood to the heart?
Skeletal muscle contractions, movement of thorax during respirations
41
What are the 4 types of veins?
Venules, small veins, medium veins, large veins
42
What is a unique feature of the tunica adventitia of large veins?
Contains smooth muscle bundles
43
What veins are classified as medium veins?
Great saphenous vein, popliteal, radial, tibial
44
Why is the great saphenous vein used in CABG surgery?
Great saphenous vein has abundant smooth muscle in tunica media, which is why it is used for transport
45
In venous blood return, what prevents blood back flow?
One-way valves
46
What are some consequences of a loss of elasticity in veins?
Enlarged, incompetent vessels can lead to esophageal varices, hemorrhoids, varicose veins
47
What are the 4 components of the heart's conduction system?
SA node, AV node, AV bundle, Purkinje fibers
48
Where do Purkinje fibers travel?
Subendocardium
49
What is the function of Purkinje fibers?
Purkinje fibers arise from right and left bundle-divisions of the Bundle of His to pass the contractile signal to myocardial cells
50
Which cells produce elastic and collagen fibers in smooth muscle cells?
Smooth muscle cells
51
What constitutes a "true" aneurysm?
All 3 layers of vessel are affected
52
What constitutes a "false" aneurysm?
Tear in intinma leads to blood extravasation between tunica media and adventitia; therefore called a "pulsating aneurysm"
53
How are atherosclerotic plaques implicated in AAA? What's the mechanism?
The plaque compresses the underlying media (and adventitia), leading to ECM degeneration and dilation of the vessel
54
Describe the process of an aortic dissection
Tear in intima leads to a "false lumen" between intima and media. Eventually, it can rip through the adventitia.
55
Describe the appearance of post-mortem clots
"Chicken fat"
56
Describe the appearance of pre-mortem clots
Lines of Zahn (made of fibrin, appear purple-blue) indicate blood was still flowing when clot formed
57
What do hemosiderin-laden macrophages in alveolar spaces indicate?
(Left-sided) heart failure

Histo (13 decks)

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