TBL 10 (Module V)

Question 1

What pancreatic cells have a pale nucleus, and form the smallest ducts of the gland?

Answer 1

Centro-acinar cells

Question 2

Disease mechanism of acute pancreatitis

Answer 2

Damage to acinar cells causes release of enzymes, leading to death of pancreatic tissue, inflammation (lipase causes death of local fat cells), amylase detected in the blood

Question 3

What are the components of a portal triad?

Answer 3

Hepatic artery, portal vein, bile duct

Question 4

What is Glisson’s capsule? Where is it found?

Answer 4

Surrounds the liver, contains elastic fibers surrounded by simple serosa

Question 5

Describe the appearance and contents of a hepatocyte

Answer 5

Hepatocytes are separated by sinusoids, eosinophilic cytoplasm with basophilic granules, contain abundant glycogen, abundant SER and lipofuscin

Question 6

Hepatocyte SER function

Answer 6

Proliferates when challenged by drugs, toxins or alcohol, SER enzymes can oxidize, methylate or conjugate many components

Question 7

What are Kupffer cells derived from?

Answer 7

Monocytes

Question 8

What do Kupffer cells do?

Answer 8

Phagocytose aged RBCs and debris

Question 9

Where are Ito cells found?

Answer 9

Space of Disse

Question 10

Ito cell function

Answer 10

Store vitamin A in lipid droplets which can be released as retinol; can also differentiate into myofibroblasts (contribute to liver fibrosis and portal HT)

Question 11

Where are Kupffer cells found?

Answer 11

Endothelial lining of hepatic sinusoids

Question 12

What part of the liver lobule has the best oxygenation?

Answer 12

Zone 1 (farthest outside)

Question 13

What is the function of zone 1 in liver lobules?

Answer 13

Gluconeogenesis

Question 14

What is the function of zone 3 in liver lobules?

Answer 14

Glycolysis and drug detoxification

Question 15

What liver lobule zone is most susceptible to ischemic necrosis?

Answer 15

Zone 3 (farthest inside)

Question 16

What cellular transition is associated with Barrett’s esophagus?

Answer 16

Metaplasia

Question 17

Risk factors for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 17

HPV, smoking, fungal food, alcohol

Question 18

Appearance of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 18

Abundant keratin in cytoplasm of infiltrating cells

Question 19

What is linitis plastica?

Answer 19

An extreme form of flat or depressed gastric carcinoma

Question 20

In what gastric cancer are malignant cells are filled with mucin vacuoles that push the nucleus to the side?

Answer 20

Signet ring carcinoma

Question 21

Which inflammatory bowel disease produces non-caveating granulomas?

Answer 21

Crohn’s disease

Question 22

Which inflammatory bowel disease is assiociated with fistulas?

Answer 22

Crohn’s disease

Question 23

Where is the inflammation in Ulcerative colitis?

Answer 23

Stays in the mucous layer (mucosa and submucosa)

Question 24

Which inflammatory bowel disease increases risk for adenocarcinoma?

Answer 24

Ulcerative colitis

Question 25

What type of polyp is much more likely to produce invasive carcinomas?

Answer 25

Villous adenoma

Question 26

Villous adenoma appearance

Answer 26

Sessile, elongated glandular structure creates cauliflower-like appearance

Question 27

What creates the appearance of “nutmeg liver”

Answer 27

Blood deposition s/t congestion around central veins