TBL 8 (Module IV)

Question 1

What 2 components make up a “lobe” in the kidney?

Answer 1

Medullary pyramid + associated cortex

Question 2

What 2 components make up a renal lobule?

Answer 2

Medullary ray + associated cortical tissue

Question 3

Where are medullary rays located (in what part of the kidney)?

Answer 3

Renal cortex

Question 4

Where are arcuate vessels found?

Answer 4

Running between the cortex and medulla

Question 5

What are the 2 different types of nephrons (depending on their locations)?

Answer 5

Cortical and juxtamedullary

Question 6

What are the 2 components of a renal corpuscle?

Answer 6

Glomerulus plus Bowman’s capsule

Question 7

What are the components of the glomerular capsule?

Answer 7

Parietal epithelium, visceral epithelium (where podocytes are), and urinary space

Question 8

Where are mesangial cells found?

Answer 8

Glomerulus

Question 9

Where are podocytes found?

Answer 9

Visceral epithelium of the glomerular capsule

Question 10

Whatare the components of the glomerulus?

Answer 10

Fenestrated capillaries, afferent and efferent arterioles, mesangial cells

Question 11

What are the components of the filtration apparatus?

Answer 11

Fenestrated epithelium, basal lamina, filtration slits between pedicles

Question 12

What is the difference between cortical and juxtaglomerular nephrons?

Answer 12

Vasa recta are only present in the juxtaglomerular region, cortical nephron only has peritubular capillaries

Question 13

What are the 4 functions of the kidney?

Answer 13

Remove cellular waste, regulate blood pressure and acid-base balance, produce hormones (erythropoietin), assist in production of vitamin D

Question 14

What structures comprise the renal cortex?

Answer 14

Renal corpuscles, convoluted tubules, straight tubules, collecting tubules

Question 15

What structures comprise the renal medulla?

Answer 15

Straight tubules and collecting ducts

Question 16

What structures comprise the nephron?

Answer 16

Renal corpuscle, PCT, loop of Henle, DCT, collecting duct

Question 17

What type of collagen exists in the glomerular basement membrane?

Answer 17

Type IV collagen

Question 18

What compounds exist in the glomerular basement membrane?

Answer 18

Collagen type IV, fibronectin, laminin, heparin sulfate

Question 19

Where is nephrin found?

Answer 19

In the diaphragm of the filtration slits between podocyte processes (pedicles)

Question 20

Describe the cause and symptoms of congenital nephrotic syndrome

Answer 20

Mutation in nephrin leads to a malfunction of podocytes, resulting in: hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, hyperlipidemia, edema

Question 21

Describe the cause and symptoms of Alpert’s syndrome

Answer 21

Defect in collagen IV gene causes proteinuria, RBS in urine, irregularly thickened basement membrane

Question 22

What part of the kidney is the PCT located in?

Answer 22

Cortex and medullary ray

Question 23

What histologic tissue type is PCT?

Answer 23

Simple cuboidal epithelia

Question 24

What type of kidney tubule is associated with a high amount of luminal debris?

Answer 24

PCT

Question 25

Name 2 types of substances that get reabsorbed in the PCT

Answer 25

Amino acids and sugars (latter is only incompletely resorbed in diabetics)

Question 26

From what part of the kidney do cysts develop in polycystic kidney disease?

Answer 26

Nephrons

Question 27

What part of the kidney is compressed by cysts in polycystic kidney disease? What is the clinical manifestation of this disease mechanism?

Answer 27

Interstitial tissue (where fibroblasts are responsible for producing erythropoietin); anemia

Question 28

Where is 1-alpha-hydroxylase produced?

Answer 28

PCT

Question 29

What is 1-alpha-hydroxylase necessary for?

Answer 29

Hydroxylation if vitamin D

Question 30

Where in the cell does hydroxylation of vitamin D occur?

Answer 30

Mitochondria

Question 31

What kidney disease is osteoporosis associated with?

Answer 31

End stage renal disease (defective production of vitamin D)

Question 32

Where is the loop of Henle located?

Answer 32

Medulla (primarily)

Question 33

What histologic tissue type is the loop of Henle?

Answer 33

Simple squamous epithelia

Question 34

In what part of the loop of Henle are sodium pumps located?

Answer 34

Thick ascending portion (to pump sodium out of the tubule)

Question 35

What histologic cell type comprises the DCT?

Answer 35

Simple cuboidal epithelia

Question 36

What cells possess a phagocytic role in maintaining the basement membrane of the glomerulus?

Answer 36

Mesangial cells

Question 37

What type of cells are juxtaglomerular cells?

Answer 37

Modified smooth muscle cells (in the wall of the afferent arteriole)

Question 38

What cells sense NaCl concentration and thusly signal afferent arteriole to constrict/restrict blood flow, if the concentration is too high?

Answer 38

Macula densa cells

Question 39

What cells of the collecting tubule contain aquaporin proteins?

Answer 39

[Light-staining] principal cells

Question 40

What are the intercalated cells of the collecting tubule responsible for?

Answer 40

Secreting H+, absorbing HCO3-

Question 41

What part of the kidney does ADH exert its effect upon?

Answer 41

Collecting duct

Question 42

What type of kidney damage is associated with diabetic nephropathy?

Answer 42

Damage to the glomerular barrier

Question 43

What type of kidney damage is associated with hypertensive nephropathy?

Answer 43

Sclerosis of glomerular arterial wall

Question 44

Where are umbrella cells found?

Answer 44

Ureters

Question 45

What is the cause of good pasture syndrome?

Answer 45

Antibodies against type IV collagen

Question 46

What organ(s) other than the kidneys is/are affected in Goodpasture syndrome?

Answer 46

The lungs

Question 47

What are some symptoms associated with Goodpasture syndrome?

Answer 47

Cough, chest pain, SOB, hematuria, proteinuria, elevated blood pressure