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Histo > TBL 8 (Module IV) > Flashcards

TBL 8 (Module IV) Flashcards

1
Q

What 2 components make up a “lobe” in the kidney?

A

Medullary pyramid + associated cortex

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2
Q

What 2 components make up a renal lobule?

A

Medullary ray + associated cortical tissue

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3
Q

Where are medullary rays located (in what part of the kidney)?

A

Renal cortex

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4
Q

Where are arcuate vessels found?

A

Running between the cortex and medulla

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5
Q

What are the 2 different types of nephrons (depending on their locations)?

A

Cortical and juxtamedullary

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6
Q

What are the 2 components of a renal corpuscle?

A

Glomerulus plus Bowman’s capsule

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7
Q

What are the components of the glomerular capsule?

A

Parietal epithelium, visceral epithelium (where podocytes are), and urinary space

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8
Q

Where are mesangial cells found?

A

Glomerulus

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9
Q

Where are podocytes found?

A

Visceral epithelium of the glomerular capsule

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10
Q

Whatare the components of the glomerulus?

A

Fenestrated capillaries, afferent and efferent arterioles, mesangial cells

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11
Q

What are the components of the filtration apparatus?

A

Fenestrated epithelium, basal lamina, filtration slits between pedicles

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12
Q

What is the difference between cortical and juxtaglomerular nephrons?

A

Vasa recta are only present in the juxtaglomerular region, cortical nephron only has peritubular capillaries

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13
Q

What are the 4 functions of the kidney?

A

Remove cellular waste, regulate blood pressure and acid-base balance, produce hormones (erythropoietin), assist in production of vitamin D

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14
Q

What structures comprise the renal cortex?

A

Renal corpuscles, convoluted tubules, straight tubules, collecting tubules

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15
Q

What structures comprise the renal medulla?

A

Straight tubules and collecting ducts

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16
Q

What structures comprise the nephron?

A

Renal corpuscle, PCT, loop of Henle, DCT, collecting duct

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17
Q

What type of collagen exists in the glomerular basement membrane?

A

Type IV collagen

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18
Q

What compounds exist in the glomerular basement membrane?

A

Collagen type IV, fibronectin, laminin, heparin sulfate

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19
Q

Where is nephrin found?

A

In the diaphragm of the filtration slits between podocyte processes (pedicles)

20
Q

Describe the cause and symptoms of congenital nephrotic syndrome

A

Mutation in nephrin leads to a malfunction of podocytes, resulting in: hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, hyperlipidemia, edema

21
Q

Describe the cause and symptoms of Alpert’s syndrome

A

Defect in collagen IV gene causes proteinuria, RBS in urine, irregularly thickened basement membrane

22
Q

What part of the kidney is the PCT located in?

A

Cortex and medullary ray

23
Q

What histologic tissue type is PCT?

A

Simple cuboidal epithelia

24
Q

What type of kidney tubule is associated with a high amount of luminal debris?

A

PCT

25
Q

Name 2 types of substances that get reabsorbed in the PCT

A

Amino acids and sugars (latter is only incompletely resorbed in diabetics)

26
Q

From what part of the kidney do cysts develop in polycystic kidney disease?

A

Nephrons

27
Q

What part of the kidney is compressed by cysts in polycystic kidney disease? What is the clinical manifestation of this disease mechanism?

A

Interstitial tissue (where fibroblasts are responsible for producing erythropoietin); anemia

28
Q

Where is 1-alpha-hydroxylase produced?

A

PCT

29
Q

What is 1-alpha-hydroxylase necessary for?

A

Hydroxylation if vitamin D

30
Q

Where in the cell does hydroxylation of vitamin D occur?

A

Mitochondria

31
Q

What kidney disease is osteoporosis associated with?

A

End stage renal disease (defective production of vitamin D)

32
Q

Where is the loop of Henle located?

A

Medulla (primarily)

33
Q

What histologic tissue type is the loop of Henle?

A

Simple squamous epithelia

34
Q

In what part of the loop of Henle are sodium pumps located?

A

Thick ascending portion (to pump sodium out of the tubule)

35
Q

What histologic cell type comprises the DCT?

A

Simple cuboidal epithelia

36
Q

What cells possess a phagocytic role in maintaining the basement membrane of the glomerulus?

A

Mesangial cells

37
Q

What type of cells are juxtaglomerular cells?

A

Modified smooth muscle cells (in the wall of the afferent arteriole)

38
Q

What cells sense NaCl concentration and thusly signal afferent arteriole to constrict/restrict blood flow, if the concentration is too high?

A

Macula densa cells

39
Q

What cells of the collecting tubule contain aquaporin proteins?

A

[Light-staining] principal cells

40
Q

What are the intercalated cells of the collecting tubule responsible for?

A

Secreting H+, absorbing HCO3-

41
Q

What part of the kidney does ADH exert its effect upon?

A

Collecting duct

42
Q

What type of kidney damage is associated with diabetic nephropathy?

A

Damage to the glomerular barrier

43
Q

What type of kidney damage is associated with hypertensive nephropathy?

A

Sclerosis of glomerular arterial wall

44
Q

Where are umbrella cells found?

A

Ureters

45
Q

What is the cause of good pasture syndrome?

A

Antibodies against type IV collagen

46
Q

What organ(s) other than the kidneys is/are affected in Goodpasture syndrome?

A

The lungs

47
Q

What are some symptoms associated with Goodpasture syndrome?

A

Cough, chest pain, SOB, hematuria, proteinuria, elevated blood pressure

Histo (13 decks)

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