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Histo > TBL 1 (Phase I) > Flashcards

TBL 1 (Phase I) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 types of tissue?

A

Epithelial, connective, muscle & nerve

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2
Q

What (3) body surfaces are not covered by epithelia?

A

Anterior part of the iris, articular cartilage, tooth enamel

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3
Q

What are some of the functions of epithelial cells?

A

Protection, secretion, excretion, absorption (intestine), transport of surface material (cilia-mediated), gas exchange (lungs)

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4
Q

How do epithelial cells receive nutrients?

A

Diffusion (they are avascular)

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5
Q

There are only 2 places in the body where stereovilli/stereocilia can be found. What are they?

A

Epithelial cells in epididymis and vas deferens (to help move non-motile sperm up against gravity)

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6
Q

Which filaments are associated with zonula adherens (“belt desmosomes”)

A

Actin filaments

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7
Q

Which filaments are associated with macula adherens (“[spot] desmosomes”)

A

Intermediate filaments

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8
Q

Which filaments make up the core of microvilli?

A

Actin filaments

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9
Q

The basement membrane is most made up of what type of substance/compound?

A

Glycoproteins

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10
Q

The reticular lamina is most made up of what type of substance/compound?

A

Type III collagen

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11
Q

What anchors the basal lamina to the reticular lamina?

A

Type VII collagen

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12
Q

What 2 components comprise the basal lamina?

A

Lamina lucida and lamina densa

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13
Q

What proteins are found in the lamina lucida?

A

Integrin and laminin

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14
Q

What compounds/substances make up the majority of the lamina densa?

A

Collagen IV, glycoproteins

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15
Q

Does the basement membrane stain PAS positive or negative?

A

PAS positive (because there are glycoproteins)

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16
Q

What are the symptoms and cause of Charcot-Marie-Tooth Syndrome (peroneal muscular atrophy)

A

Symptoms are weakness in legs, calf + hand muscular atrophy, losing heat in hands and feet (pain/cold sensation). Caused by mutation in gene encoding for connexion (temperature sensation is a neural/transduction issue, gap junctions are the only modifications associated with that function)

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17
Q

Where is pseudostratified epithelium located?

A

Lining of trachea, bronchi, nasal cavity, ductus deferens, parts of epididymis

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18
Q

Is transitional epithelium stratified or simple?

A

Stratified

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19
Q

Where is transitional epithelium found?

A

Urethra, bladder, ureters, renal calyces

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20
Q

What are the 3 types of exocrine glands?

A

Merocrine (most common), apocrine, holocrine

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21
Q

How do merocrine glands release secretions?

A

Vesicles

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22
Q

How do apocrine glands release secretions?

A

“Pinching off” of apical portion of cell

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23
Q

How do holocrine glands release secretions?

A

Disintegration

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24
Q

Where can simple squamous epithelium be found?

A

Lining blood vessels (endothelium), lining body cavities (mesothelium), respiratory tract (alveoli) and Bowman’s capsule in the kidney

25
Q

What are the functions of simple squamous epithelium?

A

Exchange of gases/nutrients (thinner = better for exchange), lubrication, also acts as a barrier. Not really transcriptionally active, surface mods not common.

26
Q

Where can simple cuboidal epithelium be found?

A

Thyroid follicles, surface of the ovary, tubules of kidney, small ducts of exocrine glands

27
Q

What are the functions of simple cuboidal epithelium?

A

Absorption, secretion, protection

28
Q

Where can simple columnar epithelium be found?

A

GI tract lining, gallbladder lining, also “some large ducts”

29
Q

What are the functions of simple columnar epithelium?

A

Absorption, secretion, protection, also lubrication

30
Q

Where can stratified squamous epithelium be found?

A

Lining oral cavity, esophagus, and vagina (also skin technically but there it’s keratinized)

31
Q

What are the functions of stratified squamous epithelium?

A

Protection + secretion

32
Q

Where can stratified cuboidal epithelium be found?

A

Sweat glands and ducts, also larger ducts of exocrine system

33
Q

What are the functions of stratified cuboidal epithelium?

A

Absorption and secretion

34
Q

Where can stratified columnar epithelium be found?

A

Largest ducts of exocrine system

35
Q

What are the functions of stratified columnar epithelium?

A

Protection, absorption, secretion

36
Q

What are some of the functions of microvilli?

A

Increase surface area, absorption

37
Q

What are microvilli composed of?

A

Actin filaments

38
Q

Where are microvilli common?

A

PCT of kidney, small intestine

39
Q

What are cilia composed of?

A

Microtubules

40
Q

Where are cilia common?

A

Respiratory tract, Fallopian tubes, sperm

41
Q

What are stereocilia/stereovilli composed of?

A

Actin filaments

42
Q

What are some of the functions of stereocilia/stereovilli?

A

Move sperm against gravity in epididymis and vas deferens, but also increase absorption & surface area

43
Q

What proteins are associated with zonula occludens (tight junctions)?

A

Occludins, claudins, “ZO” proteins

44
Q

What is the function of zonula occludens?

A

“Occluding” junction, serves as a barrier, separates apical domain of epithelial cell from basolateral domain

45
Q

What proteins are associated with zonula adherens (“belt desmosomes”)?

A

E-cadherin, catenin complexes

46
Q

What is the function of zonula adherens?

A

Serves as an “anchor” between adjacent cells

47
Q

What proteins are associated with macula adherens (“desmosomes”)?

A

Cadherin family proteins

48
Q

What is the function of macula adherens?

A

Serves as an “anchor” between cells

49
Q

What proteins are associated with gap junctions?

A

Connexin

50
Q

What is the function of gap junctions?

A

Communication between cells

51
Q

What is the function of hemidesmosomes?

A

Serves as an “anchor” to basal lamina

52
Q

What proteins are associated with hemidemosomes?

A

Same as desmosomes: cadherin family proteins (i.e. desmoglein, desmocollin)

53
Q

Define endothelium

A

Lining of blood & lymphatic vessels

54
Q

Define mesothelium

A

Lining of walls & “closed cavities” of the body (e.g. outside of the heart)

55
Q

Define urothelium

A

Transitional epithelium

56
Q

Define respiratory epithelium

A

Lining of most parts of the respiratory tract

57
Q

Describe the difference between exocrine and endocrine glands

A

Exocrine glands have ducts (secrete to epithelial surface), endocrine glands do not (secrete to bloodstream/vessels)

58
Q

Where are sinusoidal capillaries found?

A

Adrenal medulla (endocrine glands), bone marrow (hematopoietic tissue), liver, spleen

Histo (13 decks)

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