TBI and Sleep Flashcards
Narcolepsy
Characterized by repeated episodes of naps or lapses into sleep of short duration usually less than one hour
Sleep Apnea
Characterized by repetitive episodes of upper airway obstruction that occur during sleep (Obstructive) or characterized by the decreasing or stopping of breaths during sleep (Central)
Post Traumatic Hypersomnia
Excessive sleepiness that occurs as a result of a traumatic event involving the central nervous system
Periodic Limb Movement Disorder
Characterized by periodic episodes of repetitive and highly stereotyped limb (usually leg) movements that occur during sleep
Insomnia
Characterized by difficulty falling asleep, frequent awakenings with difficulty then falling back to sleep (>30 minutes) and a feeling of daytime fatigue and/or difficulty getting through the day
Sleep disorder diagnosis
Sleep interview / history:
Epworth Sleepiness Scale
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index
Polysomnography
Multiple Sleep Latency Test
Sleep treatment
Lifestyle modifications: Exercise, regular sleep schedule, avoiding naps, limiting fluid before bed and decreasing caffeine
Relaxation training, guided imagery, cognitive behavioral therapy to clarify the individual’s beliefs about sleep, sleep hygiene education
Both prescription and OTC medication
Devices for apnea: CPAP, oral appliances
Improving energy
physical vs. cognitive strategies
physical: Reducing work hours
Taking frequent breaks
Participating in physical conditioning activities
Addressing pain, anxiety and/or depression
Cognitive: Modifying the pace or demands of the task
Reducing distractions
Managing information overload
sleep study
Identifies presence and causes of sleep disturbances
Sleep meds
For short term use May cause side effects (daytime sedation) Wake promoting (e.g., Modafinil)
Bright Light Treatment
Has potential to reduce sleepiness, promote arousal, increase vigilance performance and improve mood
