Final Review Chap. 10, 11, 22

Question 1

Principles of Cognitive Rehabilitation

Answer 1

environmental complexity (quiet - loud)
task complexity (1 step - 5 steps) 
cognitive distance (concrete - abstract)

Question 2

type of damage sustained by TBI that results in delays in information processing

Answer 2

Fundamental cognitive processes, such as sensory perception, attention, information processing and memory underlie more complex cognitive processes, like categorization, problem solving, reasoning, and abstract thought

Question 3

factors that interfere with cognitive

rehabilitation

Answer 3

Level of independence
Educational or vocational engagement 
Social interaction
Family interaction
Life satisfaction

Question 4

cognitive domains

Answer 4

attention, memory, metacognition, executive function, categorization, processing speed

Question 5

factors that influence behaviors

Answer 5

site and severity of damage
intelligence / learning style
current environment
pre - injury characteristics

Question 6

positive and negative punishment

Answer 6

negative punishment - take away so decreases likelihood of response
positive punishment - you ADD something to DECREASE behavior

Question 7

principles of applied behavior analysis

Answer 7

discover variables that reliably influence behavior to predict behavior or promote behavior change

Question 8

goal of ABA

Answer 8

discover variables that reliably influence behavior to predict behavior or promote behavior change

Question 9

3 variables to consider in ABA

Answer 9

environment
individual
target behavior

Question 10

behavior program elements of 4 step contingency

Answer 10

establishing operation - any variable that temporarily alters the effectiveness of a stimulus (ANTECEDENT)

discriminative stimulus - event that precedes behavior and sets stage for behavior

response/ behavior - anything done or measured

consequence - reinforce or punish behavior (P

Question 11

negative and positive reinforcement

Answer 11

negative reinforcement - take away something to increase behavior
positive reinforcement - add something to increase behavior

Question 12

de-escalation techniques

Answer 12

Active Listening

Orientation

Redirection

Setting Limits

Withdrawing Attention

Contracting

Question 13

functional analysis

as part of 4 step behavior program

Answer 13

assessing behavior where it really occurs

next step is define behavior then collect data then change behavior

Question 14

Gall and Spurzheim

Answer 14

Developed Phrenology; It was believed that different parts of the human cortex controlled different mental functions

Gall - first to localize parts of brain to behavior

Question 15

functional systems model

Answer 15

proposed by Luria - updated phrenology

Behaviors consist of a number of simple mental operations that are localized to a specific part of the brain
Thoughts, movements, sensations, heartbeats (i.e., behavior )produced by the collaboration of the local brain sites that control the mental operations composing it
think cogs working together in a wheel

Question 16

clinical vs. experimental neuropsychology

Answer 16

clinical - works with brains with LESIONS to compare to intact
experimental - study intact brain through the lifespan

Question 17

neuropsych assessment includes …

Answer 17

normative data and manualized procedures

Question 18

four components of cognitive rehabilitation

Answer 18

cog. education -> cog training -> strategy training -> functional training