Final Review Chap. 5, 6, 7, 9 Flashcards
Autonomic storming
aka dysautonomia
happens early in recovery phase - typically stops within months to weeks
tachycardia, hypertension, tachypnea, hyperthermia, dystonia, posturing, and diaphoresis
dysphagia and severe TBI
rates can be as high as 90%
very common
high risk of asp. PNA
incidence of seizure post TBI
22x more likely to die from a seizure d/o
signs of DVT
swelling, increased temp of the limb, pain
signs of PE
SOB, low 02, high HR, pain
nociceptive pain
neuropathic pain
pain from peripheral nerve
pain from primary lesion in CNS
primary headache
due to no specific cause
treatment of migrain
initially
aspirin, acetaminophen, caffeine
phase of migraines
prodrome, aura, headache, postdrome
epilepsy vs. post traumatic seizure
epilepsy - seizures lasting longer than 5 mins or so close together that they are cannot be measured ; higher mortality rate
post traumatic seizure -
early - within 1 week
late - occur after 1 week and likely to be long term issue — common over age 65 and in missile wounds
chances of TBI to die from seizure
rate of seizure disorder
22% more likely
4-50%
tension type headache
caused by muscle strain / tension ;
do not get worse with other symptoms
use NSAIDs commonly
cervicogenic headache
HA caused by neck pain
nerve injections in back of neck and severing the nerves
temporomandibular HA
cause by TMJ joint pain/ tightness
migraine symptoms
unilateral ; sensitive to light/ sound
spasticity
velocity dependent increase in tonic stretch
sudden nonvoluntary
caused by UMN damage
hyperreflexia
overreactive, overresponsive
tendencies of muscles to over react due to UMN damage
contractures
shortening or hardening of muscle due to inactivity
Disorders of consciousness continuum
coma -> veg. state -> minimally consciuous
coma
no eye opening, impaired breathing, impaired brainstem reflexes, no vocalization >1 hr
veg. state
eyes open, arousal but no awareness ; no purposeful behavior
spontaneous breathing
minimally conscious
eyes and breath ok ; emerging awareness with occasional manipulation ; smile and laugh
agnosia
lack of awareness or denial of paralysis / limb
coping hypothesis
fatigue may from increase in compensatory efforts
measuring fatigue
no single reliable/ valid way
leaning towards dx tools of Epworth Sleepiness Scale
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index
fatigue
awareness of a decreased capacity for physical and/or mental activity due to an imbalance in the availability, utilization and/or restoration of resources needed to perform activity
impact of fatigue
can be long term persistent
leads to isolation, decreased energy