Rehabilitation Treatment Philosophies and Approaches Flashcards
models of disability as foundation for rehab
biomedical, functional, environmental, sociopolitical
biomedical treatment model
Used to understand most health conditions but does not lend itself well to psychiatric or cognitive conditions
Uses experts to define characteristics, prognosis, and treatment
Two dimensions; normal vs pathological (health vs illness)
Deficits are identified, implying there is something wrong with the person with disability; treatment concerned with “getting better”
Promotes exclusion of therapeutic services after medical stabilization has occurred
Promotes concepts such as treatment plateaus and maximum medical recovery
Environmental model
The environment can cause, define, and exaggerate disability
Rehabilitation addresses both physical and social environments
Prejudice, discrimination, and stigma are part of the environment and not an inherent part of disability
One of the most appropriate models for conceptualizing psychological disabilities
This perspective provided for social movements that resulted in:
Supported employment and supported living
The Americans with Disabilities Act
functional model
Most individualized model and serves as the basis for “person centered” care
Intervention methods are aimed at adapting the function of the individual for meaningful participation (including assistive technology)
sociopolitical and minority group / independent living model
Inclusion, civil rights, and equal social status are the goals
Highlights society’s responsibility for accommodating people with disability
Recognizes prejudice and discrimination are causal factors in disability
moral model
Additional model which is not useful as a foundation for rehabilitation
Views disability as a result of sin, evil, or a character flaw
People with visible disabilities were devalued immediately
People with invisible or hidden disabilities like mental illness were isolated and excluded
Rehab progress vs. process
The term “process” implies a life altering event for which treatment will be needed (Example: severe TBI)
Lengthy comprehensive treatment required
Impacts family and social network long term
Long term negative financial consequences
The term “progress” implies a known end point. (Example: rehab for a broken arm with goal of full restoration)
Focused short term services required
Minimal impact on long term relationships
Short term financial impact
brain injury as a process
The mere acknowledgement of brain injury rehabilitation as a process encourages the individual participating in rehab to own the process and identifies clinicians and family members as tools, supports, and allies in the process
This is an important and empowering concept for successful brain injury rehabilitation
Person centered care
Empowers individuals to guide the rehab team to focus on their priorities, values, and desired outcomes
Maintains that:
The person served can be trusted to lead their own lives
Provider’s attitude and therapeutic relationship are major factors in outcome
All people have capacity for self direction and intervention is most effective when requested
