Aging with a TBI Flashcards
TBI as an aging population
Advances in trauma care have brought about significant declines in death rates due to brain injury
As these death rates declined, the rates of individuals living with the effects of brain injury have risen substantially
Institutes of Medicine - Long Term Consequence (IOM LTC)
Long term outcome information came from studies that looked at individuals with TBI from 1 year to 20 years post injury
Disability was related to cognitive, behavior, and personality changes rather than physical changes
Caregiver burden increased over time and was related to cognitive and behavior issues
Complications include unemployment, under employment, lack of residential options, limited social integration, and need for supervision
causal relationships from TBI
studies from Gulf War
penetrating head injury –> unprovoked seizure, premature death
Severe - moderate injury –> unprovoked seizures
Studies from people who were in gulf war
long term effects of penetrating TBI
Sufficient Evidence
Decline in neurocognitive function associated with region of the brain affected and volume of tissue lost
Long term unemployment
long term effects of professional boxing
Sufficient Evidence
Dementia pugilistica
long term effects of mod-severe TBI
Sufficient Evidence
Dementia of the Alzheimer’s type Parkinsonism Endocrine dysfunction Growth hormone insufficiency Adverse social-functional outcomes Unemployment Diminished social relationships Premature death
long term effects of severe TBI
Sufficient Evidence
Neurocognitive deficits
long term effects of all TBI
Sufficient Evidence
Depression, aggressive behaviors, memory problems, dizziness, irritability
Possible long term effects of mTBI
Dementia of the Alzheimer’s type
Parkinsonism
possible long term effects of moderate TBI
neurocognitive deficits
possible long term effects of mod- severe TBI
diabetes ; psychosis
possible long term effects of all TBI
increased alcohol and drug use
Cognitive Aging
occurs across all people
general phenomena
begins in early adulthood
TBI and dementia
To date, there is no definitive link between brain injury and future risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD)
Repeated injury was related to a trend for greater risk of AD
physical aging and TBI
TBI is a Chronic Disease process
It is disease causative and disease accelerative
