Taxonomy Deck (E3)

Question 1

Science of identification, classification, and nomenclature.

Answer 1

What is taxonomy?

Question 2

This establishes an evolutionary history.

Answer 2

What is phylogeny?

Question 3

Carolus Linnaeus coined these 2 kingdoms.

Answer 3

What are plantae and animalia?

Question 4

Robert Wittaker’s 5 kingdoms.

Answer 4

What are plantae, animalia, fungi, protista, and monera?

Question 5

What is the primary evidence to support Carl Woese’s 3 domain system?

Answer 5

Differences in rRNA sequences

Question 6

Carl Woese based his 3 domain system on the idea of { } in cellular composition.

Answer 6

Variation

Question 7

What is the main difference in the taxonomical hierarchy between domains Eukarya and Bacteria?

Answer 7

Bacteria lacks an assigned kingdom

Question 8

Another name for species.

Answer 8

What is specific epithet?

Question 9

That is the format of scientific binomial nomenclature?

Answer 9

Genus + species (in italics)

Question 10

How are eukaryotic species defined?

Answer 10

By mating behaviors

Question 11

How are prokaryotic species defined?

Answer 11

Similar cellular characteristics

Question 12

What is the difference between a clone and a strain?

Answer 12

Clone - copy of original cell

Strain - slightly different version of original

Question 13

How are viral species defined?

Answer 13

Occupying the same ecological niche (host)

Question 14

What is the difference between Determinative and Systemic Bacteriology?

Answer 14

Determinative - identification based on morphology and biochemical tests

Systemic - phylogenic info based on rRNA sequencing

Question 15

Name 4 examples of differential/structural stains used to identify microorganisms.

Answer 15

1) Acid fast
2) Gram
3) Flagella
4) Endospore

Question 16

Are biochemical tests used for classification of microorganisms?

Answer 16

NO

Question 17

How do you identify microbes serologically?

Answer 17

Combine antiserum (antibodies) with an unknown bacterium and watch for agglutination

Question 18

What is the basis of microbial serology?

Answer 18

The antigenic nature of microbes

Question 19

Agglutination testing allows for…

Answer 19

Testing to see if bacteria has certain antigen

Question 20

What is ELISA used for?

Answer 20

Performing multiple agglutination tests at the same time

Question 21

What is the purpose of phage typing?

Answer 21

Identifying unknown bacterium

Question 22

What is the premise of phage typing (HINT: similar to starch amylase testing)?

Answer 22

Phages have specific bacterial hosts that they attack, so clear areas in the agar plate indicate that a bacterium is susceptible to a particular phage

Question 23

Name 6 methods for classifying bacteria based on phylogenic relationships (HINT: literally everything involving DNA).

Answer 23

1) DNA base composition
2) DNA fingerprinting
3) RFLP analysis
4) rRNA sequencing
5) PCR
6) Nucleic acid hybridization

Question 24

What is the premise of nucleic acid hybridization?

Answer 24

Determining level of relation between known standard DNA and an unknown DNA sample via hybridizing denatured strands