Taxonomy Deck (E3) Flashcards
Science of identification, classification, and nomenclature.
What is taxonomy?
This establishes an evolutionary history.
What is phylogeny?
Carolus Linnaeus coined these 2 kingdoms.
What are plantae and animalia?
Robert Wittaker’s 5 kingdoms.
What are plantae, animalia, fungi, protista, and monera?
What is the primary evidence to support Carl Woese’s 3 domain system?
Differences in rRNA sequences
Carl Woese based his 3 domain system on the idea of { } in cellular composition.
Variation
What is the main difference in the taxonomical hierarchy between domains Eukarya and Bacteria?
Bacteria lacks an assigned kingdom
Another name for species.
What is specific epithet?
That is the format of scientific binomial nomenclature?
Genus + species (in italics)
How are eukaryotic species defined?
By mating behaviors
How are prokaryotic species defined?
Similar cellular characteristics
What is the difference between a clone and a strain?
Clone - copy of original cell
Strain - slightly different version of original
How are viral species defined?
Occupying the same ecological niche (host)
What is the difference between Determinative and Systemic Bacteriology?
Determinative - identification based on morphology and biochemical tests
Systemic - phylogenic info based on rRNA sequencing
Name 4 examples of differential/structural stains used to identify microorganisms.
1) Acid fast
2) Gram
3) Flagella
4) Endospore
Are biochemical tests used for classification of microorganisms?
NO
How do you identify microbes serologically?
Combine antiserum (antibodies) with an unknown bacterium and watch for agglutination
What is the basis of microbial serology?
The antigenic nature of microbes
Agglutination testing allows for…
Testing to see if bacteria has certain antigen
What is ELISA used for?
Performing multiple agglutination tests at the same time
What is the purpose of phage typing?
Identifying unknown bacterium
What is the premise of phage typing (HINT: similar to starch amylase testing)?
Phages have specific bacterial hosts that they attack, so clear areas in the agar plate indicate that a bacterium is susceptible to a particular phage
Name 6 methods for classifying bacteria based on phylogenic relationships (HINT: literally everything involving DNA).
1) DNA base composition
2) DNA fingerprinting
3) RFLP analysis
4) rRNA sequencing
5) PCR
6) Nucleic acid hybridization
What is the premise of nucleic acid hybridization?
Determining level of relation between known standard DNA and an unknown DNA sample via hybridizing denatured strands
