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General Microbiology > Ch. 1 The Microbial World & You (Exam 1) > Flashcards

Ch. 1 The Microbial World & You (Exam 1) Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

You will find that most microorganisms are the { } forms (HINT: 2 words).

A

True cellular

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2
Q

What does it mean when we say that microorganisms are “ubiquitous?”

A

They are everywhere

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3
Q

What is endosymbiosis theory?

A

The idea that unicellular organisms gradually evolved into more complex multicellular organisms

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4
Q

Name 2 organelles that were once unicellular organisms according to endosymbiosis theory.

A

1) Mitochondria
2) Chloroplasts

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5
Q

Give 4 examples of why microbes are useful in biotechnology.

A

1) Agriculture
2) Medicine
3) Food
4) Industry

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6
Q

This late scientist coined the 3 domains of life.

A

Who is Carl Woese?

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7
Q

What are the 3 domains of life?

A

1) Archaea
2) Bacteria
3) Eukarya

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8
Q

Define prokaryotic.

A

Having no true nucleus or nuclear membrane

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9
Q

Do prokaryotes reproduce asexually or sexually?

A

Asexually

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10
Q

Give 2 examples of prokaryotes.

A

1) Bacteria
2) Archaea

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11
Q

Define eukaryotic.

A

Having a true nucleus

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12
Q

Do eukaryotes reproduce asexually or sexually?

A

Both

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13
Q

Give 3 examples of eukaryotes.

A

1) Fungi
2) Protozoa
3) Algae

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14
Q

What are 3 key characteristics of a virus?

A

1) Acellular
2) Nonmetabolic
3) Cannot reproduce without host

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15
Q

If viruses are acellular, what are they made of (HINT: 2 components)?

A

A protein coat and nucleic acid

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16
Q

What is the difference between heterotrophs and autotrophs?

A

Heterotrophs look to outside sources for food/nutrition while autotrophs can create their own food

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17
Q

What are the 3 basic bacterial shapes?

A

1) Bacillus
2) Coccus
3) Spiral

18
Q

What shape is bacillus?

A

Rod

19
Q

What shape is coccus?

A

Spherical

20
Q

What shape is spiral?

A

Spiral :)

21
Q

Archaea are known as extremophiles. What does this mean?

A

They survive in very extreme environments

22
Q

What 3 methods of locomotion (movement) can protists use?

A

1) Pseudopods
2) Flagella
3) Cilia

23
Q

Coined the term “cells” and created the first compound microscope (1665).

A

Who is Robert Hooke?

24
Q

Coined the term “animalcules” and created the first simple single-lens microscope (1673).

A

Who is Anton van Leeuwenhoek?

25
Q

Late 1800s: Found that a filterable agent causing tobacco mosaic disease could pass through a filter that blocked all known microbes.

A

Who is Dmitri Ivanovsky?

26
Q

Late 1800s: Found that the agent behind tobacco mosaic disease was not a bacterium, given that it passed through bacteria-retaining filters.

A

Who is Martinus Beijerinck?

27
Q

What is the agent behind tobacco mosaic disease?

A

A virus

28
Q

Discredited spontaneous generation (1765).

A

Who is Lazzaro Spallanzani?

29
Q

Fermentation (1857) and then pasteurization (1864).

A

Who is Louis Pasteur?

30
Q

Late 1800s: Discovered that some microbes were heat-resistant.

A

Who is John Tyndall?

31
Q

1854: The Mother of Modern Nursing and passionate statistician.

A

Who is Florence Nightingale?

32
Q

1865: Aseptic surgical techniques developed, and from whom Listerine is named.

A

Who is Joseph Lister?

33
Q

What is the basis of Robert Koch’s 4 postulates (1876)?

NOTE: Understand the gist. If you can answer this word-for-word, that’s cool too.

A

Disease-causing microbes that are isolated and cultured are injected into a healthy host, who then contracts said disease, and the same strain of microbe can be obtained from the new host

34
Q

Smallpox vaccine (1798)

A

Who is Edward Jenner?

35
Q

Rabies vaccine & avirulence (1880)

A

Who is Louis Pasteur?

36
Q

Discovered properties of penicillin (1929)

A

Who is Alexander Fleming?

37
Q

Purified penicillin for disease treatment (1941)

A

Who are Florey & Chain?

38
Q

Childbed fever (1847)

A

Who is Ignaz Semmelweis?

39
Q

Salvarsan, the treatment for syphilis (1908)

A

Who is Paul Ehrlich?

40
Q

Sulfa drugs (1935-36)

A

Who are Domagk & Fourneau?

General Microbiology (34 decks)

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