Cell Structure & Function Deck: Eukaryotes Edition (Exam 1)

Question 1

What are 4 unique features that differentiate eukaryotes from prokaryotes?

Answer 1

1) More complex cytoskeleton
2) More complex flagella
3) Ribosome structure (70S vs. 80S)
4) Multiple membrane-bound organelles

Question 2

How does having a more complex cytoskeleton make up for animal cells lacking a cell wall?

Answer 2

The complex network of cytoskeletal elements is key for cellular support and structure

Question 3

These structures are shorter than flagella and are much more numerous.

Answer 3

What are cilia?

Question 4

What is the biggest difference between bacterial cell walls & plant/algae/fungi cell walls?

Answer 4

Plant/algae/fungi cell walls have no peptidoglycan

Question 5

A network consisting of extracellular macromolecules and minerals that provide structural and biochemical support to surrounding cells.

Answer 5

What is the extracellular matrix?

Question 6

What are 4 membrane protein functions in eukaryotes?

Answer 6

1) Transport
2) Maintain cell integrity
3) Attachment (tissue formation)
4) Cell signaling

Question 7

What are 2 types of active transport in eukaryotes?

Answer 7

1) Endocytosis
2) Exocytosis

Question 8

In which parts of the cell will you find eukaryotic ribosomes (HINT: 3 places)?

Answer 8

1) Rough ER (attached)
2) Nuclear membrane (attached)
3) In cytoplasm

Question 9

What is the purpose of membrane-bound organelles?

Answer 9

Compartmentalization i.e. allowing labor to be divided between organelles

Question 10

What are the 2 semi-autonomous organelles found in eukaryotes?

Answer 10

1) Mitochondria
2) Chloroplast

Question 11

The nuclear membrane/envelope is a { } membrane.

Answer 11

Double

Question 12

The nuclear membrane is continuous with the…

Answer 12

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 13

Is mitosis asexual or sexual?

Answer 13

Asexual

Question 14

Is meiosis asexual or sexual?

Answer 14

Sexual

Question 15

What are 6 organelles that make up the endomembrane system?

Answer 15

1) Nuclear envelope
2) Endoplasmic reticulum
3) Golgi apparatus
4) Lysosome
5) Peroxisome
6) Vacuole

Question 16

The network of flattened tubules continuous with the nuclear membrane.

Answer 16

What is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

Question 17

What is the functional difference between the rough & smooth ERs (HINT: These are the sites of…)?

Answer 17

Rough ER: Site of protein synthesis and is studded with ribosomes

Smooth ER: Site of lipid/fat synthesis and is smooth/fatty/greasy

Question 18

Are Golgi bodies continuous (attached) with one another?

Answer 18

No, each is a separate unit

Question 19

What are the 2 functions of the Golgi body (HINT: think cis and trans faces)?

Answer 19

1) Modify, package, & secrete products of the ER

2) Produce lysosomes, peroxisomes, & vacuoles

Question 20

A membrane-enclosed sac of non-specific digestive enzymes.

Answer 20

What is a lysosome?

Question 21

Vesicles with enzymes that oxidize fatty acids & neutralize hydrogen peroxide.

Answer 21

What are peroxisomes?

Question 22

What are the 3 functions of the vacuole?

Answer 22

1) Store nutrients/water
2) Sequester harmful substances
3) Water balance

Question 23

What are plant vacuoles so much larger than other vacuoles?

Answer 23

Plants need a lot of water to maintain a proper water balance

Question 24

Mitochondria & chloroplasts are unique considering they both have { } genomes & ribosomes.

Answer 24

Bacterial/prokaryotic

Question 25

Mitochondria are the site of…

Answer 25

Cellular respiration

Question 26

Chloroplasts are the site of…

Answer 26

Photosynthesis

Question 27

List the 3 ways in which mitochondria and chloroplasts are uniquely bacterial.

Answer 27

1) 70S ribosomes
2) Circular DNA
3) Divide independently of the cell