Cell Structure & Function Deck: Eukaryotes Edition (Exam 1) Flashcards
What are 4 unique features that differentiate eukaryotes from prokaryotes?
1) More complex cytoskeleton
2) More complex flagella
3) Ribosome structure (70S vs. 80S)
4) Multiple membrane-bound organelles
How does having a more complex cytoskeleton make up for animal cells lacking a cell wall?
The complex network of cytoskeletal elements is key for cellular support and structure
These structures are shorter than flagella and are much more numerous.
What are cilia?
What is the biggest difference between bacterial cell walls & plant/algae/fungi cell walls?
Plant/algae/fungi cell walls have no peptidoglycan
A network consisting of extracellular macromolecules and minerals that provide structural and biochemical support to surrounding cells.
What is the extracellular matrix?
What are 4 membrane protein functions in eukaryotes?
1) Transport
2) Maintain cell integrity
3) Attachment (tissue formation)
4) Cell signaling
What are 2 types of active transport in eukaryotes?
1) Endocytosis
2) Exocytosis
In which parts of the cell will you find eukaryotic ribosomes (HINT: 3 places)?
1) Rough ER (attached)
2) Nuclear membrane (attached)
3) In cytoplasm
What is the purpose of membrane-bound organelles?
Compartmentalization i.e. allowing labor to be divided between organelles
What are the 2 semi-autonomous organelles found in eukaryotes?
1) Mitochondria
2) Chloroplast
The nuclear membrane/envelope is a { } membrane.
Double
The nuclear membrane is continuous with the…
Endoplasmic reticulum
Is mitosis asexual or sexual?
Asexual
Is meiosis asexual or sexual?
Sexual
What are 6 organelles that make up the endomembrane system?
1) Nuclear envelope
2) Endoplasmic reticulum
3) Golgi apparatus
4) Lysosome
5) Peroxisome
6) Vacuole
The network of flattened tubules continuous with the nuclear membrane.
What is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?
What is the functional difference between the rough & smooth ERs (HINT: These are the sites of…)?
Rough ER: Site of protein synthesis and is studded with ribosomes
Smooth ER: Site of lipid/fat synthesis and is smooth/fatty/greasy
Are Golgi bodies continuous (attached) with one another?
No, each is a separate unit
What are the 2 functions of the Golgi body (HINT: think cis and trans faces)?
1) Modify, package, & secrete products of the ER
2) Produce lysosomes, peroxisomes, & vacuoles
A membrane-enclosed sac of non-specific digestive enzymes.
What is a lysosome?
Vesicles with enzymes that oxidize fatty acids & neutralize hydrogen peroxide.
What are peroxisomes?
What are the 3 functions of the vacuole?
1) Store nutrients/water
2) Sequester harmful substances
3) Water balance
What are plant vacuoles so much larger than other vacuoles?
Plants need a lot of water to maintain a proper water balance
Mitochondria & chloroplasts are unique considering they both have { } genomes & ribosomes.
Bacterial/prokaryotic
