Chemoorganotrophy Part 2 - Cellular Respiration (E2) Flashcards
What is the final electron acceptor for aerobic respiration?
Molecular oxygen
How much ATP does aerobic respiration produce for eukaryotes and prokaryotes, respectively (HINT: It’s the opposite of what you’d expect)?
36 - eukaryotes
38 - prokaryotes
Is the Kreb cycle aerobic or anaerobic?
It is considered an aerobic process although oxygen is not directly involved; when in cytoplasm, however, it is definitely anaerobic
In which 2 places does the Kreb cycle occur?
1) Cytoplasm
2) Mitochondria
What is the purpose of oxaloacetate in the Kreb cycle?
To combine with acetyl-CoA, acting as a “pick-up molecule,” thus, recontinuing the Kreb cycle
Per original glucose, what are the 4 major products of the Kreb cycle (including the NADH produced by the prep step)?
1) 6 CO2
2) 8 NADH
3) 2 FADH2
4) 2 ATP
Including the oxidation of pyruvate, how many times does the TCA cycle occur per glucose?
Twice
The TCA (Kreb) cycle is amphibolic. What does this mean?
It is both catabolic and anabolic
What is the anabolic function of the TCA cycle?
To form amino acids
What are the 2 electron carriers for the electron transport chain?
NADH & FADH2
Give the estimated amount of ATP produced via oxidative phosphorylation.
30+
This is generated by an established chemical and electrical gradient.
What is proton motive force (PMF)?
How does PMF aid in ATP synthesis?
ATP synthase catalyzes ATP synthesis via chemiosmosis established by the PMF
Where will your main source of electron donors come from in respiration?
TCA cycle
What are the 4 stages of aerobic respiration?
1) Glycolysis
2) Prep stage
3) Krebs
4) Oxidative phosphorylation
In which step of aerobic respiration is oxygen not required?
Glycolysis
What are the 3 major products of glycolysis?
2 pyruvates
2 ATP
2 NADH
In the prep stage, the pyruvates are converted into…
Acetyl-CoA’s
What is the major yield of the prep stage (HINT: electron carrier)?
2 NADH
What are the 3 major products of the Krebs cycle?
2 ATP
6 NADH
2 FADH2
What are the major products (electron carriers) of the electron transport chain?
10 NADH
2 FADH2
What is the minor product of the electron transport chain?
Water
Why is anaerobic respiration unique to prokaryotes?
It uses various alternative electron donors/acceptors
The final electron acceptors of anaerobic respiration are usually…
Inorganic anions
How much ATP does anaerobic respiration produce?
Fewer than 38 but more than 2
The reduction of oxidized states of nitrogen for energy yield.
What is dissimilatory denitrification?
Why is nitrogen reduction less effective than sulfur reduction?
Less ATP is produced
What is dissimilatory metal reduction?
Reduction of metal cations
With terminal electron acceptors (TEAs), as reduction potential decreases, the anaerobic environment…
Increases
What is the major difference between aerobic and anaerobic benzene derivative (aromatic) catabolism (HINT: think REDOX)?
Aerobic - oxidative
Anaerobic - reductive
In what 2 ways is catabolism of aromatic compounds beneficial to the environment?
1) Recycling lignin & other vital substances
2) Removal of pollutants
