Taste/Olfaction Flashcards
What is sour tasting
hydrogen ion
what is salty tasting
ionized salts
what is sweet tasting
not caused by any 1 class ex) glycols, alcohols, amino acids
what is bitter tasting
organic substances like alkaloids,
what is umami tasting
monosodium glutamate, othe ramino acids
what is the tip of the tongue most sensitive to
sweet, umami and salty
what are the sides and back of the tongue most sensitive to
sour and bitter
what happens i fyou stimulate the bitter receptors at the back of the tongue
protrustion or tongue, gagging
what is the typical life span of taste buds
10 days to 2 weeks
what kind of mutation affects the ability to taste certain bitter substances
mutation in both copies of T2R gene
what provides taste to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
CN VII (chorda tympani)
what provides taste to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue
CN IX
what innervates the soft palate
CN VII (geater superifical pertrosal branch)
what innervates the epiglottis and esophagus
CN X
do the transduction of acids and Na+ salt stimuli requrie receptors
no. need specific types of ion channels
sweetness and umnani involve what kind of channels
TRP
transudction of bitter substances involves what
special G-protein gustducin
what type of cells are olfactory receptor neurons
bipolar nerve cell
how many functional ordorant receptors do humans have
400
what happens when an odorant molecule binds to receptor protein
associated G protein is activated
where do olfactory and gustory signals must go to be integrated
cortical areas
what happens to patients with lesion of the orbitofrontal cortex
unable to discrimate oders
specirfic anomsmia
person has lowered sensitivity to a specific odorant even though sensitivity to other odorants seems nomrla
parosmia
abnormal or perverted sense of smell
what does capsaicine activate response in
nociceptive C fibers
hypogeusia
decreased taste sensation
ageusia
absence of taste
parageusia
perversion of sense of taste, bad taste in mouth
