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Physiology Exam VI > Basal Ganglia > Flashcards

Basal Ganglia Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 5 basal nuclei

A 
caudate
putamen
globus pallidus
subthalamic nucleus
substantia nigra
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2
Q

main afferent to basal ganglia are to what

A

striatum

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3
Q

main efferent from basal ganglia are from

A

globus pallidus and substantia nigra

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4
Q

what is the direct path

A

straitum projects to Gpi/SNr

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5
Q

what is the indirect path

A

striatum to globus pallidus external segment
Gpe to subthalamic nuclus or to Gpi/SNr
STN to Gpi/SNr

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6
Q

corticostriate projections are what

A

excitatory

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7
Q

what do corticostriate projections release

A

glutamate

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8
Q

where do corticostriate projections release glutamate to

A

medium spiny neurons in striatum

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9
Q

medium spiny neurons of stratum release what

A

GABA

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10
Q

what kind of transmitter is GABA

A

inhibitory

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11
Q

SNC projection to striatum releases what

A

doapmine

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12
Q

what kind of transmitter is dopamine

A

excitatory or inhibitory depending on receptor type

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13
Q

function of body movement loop

A

selectively acitivate some movements/suppress others

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14
Q

origin of body movement loop

A

primary motor, premotor and supplementary motor

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15
Q

what is the origin of oculomotor loop

A

frontal eye field and supplementary eye field

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16
Q

function of oculomotor loop

A

control of saccadic eye movements

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17
Q

origin of prefrontal loop

A

dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

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18
Q

function of prefrontal loop

A

regulate initiation and termination of cognitive processes such as planning, attention and working memory

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19
Q

origin of limbic loop

A

anterior cingulate and oribtal frontal cortex

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20
Q

what does limbic loop include

A

ventral striatum

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21
Q

what is nucleus accumbens involved in

A

addiction

22
Q

functino of limbic loop

A

regualte emotional behavior and motivation

23
Q

toureete syndrome is associated with abnormalities where

A

limbic loop

24
Q

symptoms of parkinson’s

A

rhythmic tremor
increase muscle toon
abnormal gait
slowness in movement

25
Q

akinesia

A

lack of movement

26
Q

masked facies

A

lack normal facial movements

27
Q

festing gait

A

walk fast due to flexed posture

28
Q

micrographia

A

small handwriting

29
Q

frozen gait syndrome

A

unable to start walking or just stop moving forward while walking

30
Q

pathophysiology of parkinsons

A

degeneration of dopaminergic projection to striatum from substantia nigra, accumulation of alpha-synuclein

31
Q

chorea

A

involutnary movement

32
Q

symptoms of huntingtons

A

chorea
dementia
slow voluntary movemnts

33
Q

pathophysiology for huntingtons

A

selective loss of GABA/enkephalin projection from striatum to GPe
widespread degeneration of striatal neurons
loss of cortical neurons

34
Q

hemiballismus

A

involuntary, violent, flinging movements of a limb while pt is awake

35
Q

hemiballismus on one side of body is often associate with a lesion where

A

contralteral subthalamic nucleus

36
Q

dyskinesia

A

involutnary movements

37
Q

tardive dyskinesia

A

iatrogenic disorder due to long-term treatment with drugs that affect dopamine systems

38
Q

athetosis

A

slow, writhing movements

39
Q

generally is thalamus excitatory or inhibitory

A

excitory

40
Q

generally in basal ganglia excitory or inhibioty

A

inhibotry (except csubthalamic nucleus)

41
Q

general function of globus pallidus

A

inhibit the thalamus

42
Q

function of putamen

A

control body

43
Q

function of caudate

A

body/eye movement control

44
Q

functino of cerebral cortex

A

excite caudate

45
Q

is caudate exictory or inhibitory

A

inhbits globus pallidus

46
Q

removing dopamingeric inputs from substantia nigra to caudate and putamen results in

A

can’t start movement

47
Q

what releases acetylcholine

A

interneurons

48
Q

what drug therapy can you give people with parkinsons

A

acetycholine antagonists

49
Q

corpus striatum

A

neostriatum and paleostriatum

50
Q

neostriatum

A

putamen + caudate nucleus

51
Q

paleostriatum

A

pallidum

Physiology Exam VI (18 decks)

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