Pain II

Question 1

What are the 4 components of pain processing

Answer 1

peripheral transduction
transmission
spinal modulation
supraspinal perception

Question 2

what is peripheral transduction

Answer 2

source of pain

Question 3

What are A-delta fibers responsible for

Answer 3

localized, sharp, fhirst pain

Question 4

what do A-delta fibers respond to

Answer 4

intense mechanical and thermal stimuli

Question 5

what A-delta fibers myelinated or unmyleinated

Answer 5

myelinted

Question 6

what are C fibers responsible for

Answer 6

poorly localized, diffuse second pain

Question 7

what do C fibers respond to

Answer 7

they are polymodal, so mechanical, thermal and chemical stimuli

Question 8

what is second pain

Answer 8

dull throbbing nagging pain

Question 9

Are C fibers myelinated or unmyelinated

Answer 9

unmyelinated

Question 10

are C fibers small are large

Answer 10

small diameter

Question 11

Characteristics of A-alpha fibers

Answer 11

large diameter, mylinated, fast conducting

Question 12

Characteristics of A-beta fibers

Answer 12

large diameter, myelinated, fast conducting

Question 13

what do A-beta fibers respond to

Answer 13

touch/proprioception

Question 14

Are A-delta fibers small or medium or large

Answer 14

medium diameter

Question 15

FIbers associated with Cuatenous

Answer 15

A delta mechanical and heat

C-fiber polymodal nociceptor

Question 16

FIbers associatd with joints

Answer 16

2x as many unmyelinated fibers

A delta and C fibers

Question 17

What do joints primarily have

Answer 17

C fibers

Question 18

What do joints respond to

Answer 18

mechanical stimulation, inflammation

Question 19

What are muscles similar to

Answer 19

joints

Question 20

what do muscles respond to

Answer 20

mechanical, thermal, chemical, ischemia

Question 21

What do muscle primary have

Answer 21

C fibers

Question 22

What is the predominate fibers of viscera

Answer 22

C-fbers

Question 23

What do viscer respond to

Answer 23

mechanical distension, chemical

Question 24

where do primary nociceptive neurons synpase and with what

Answer 24

dorsal horn of spinal cord with secondary afferent nociceptive neurons

Question 25

Path of secondary afferent nociceptive neurons

Answer 25

cross midline, enter anterolateral pathway, continue up spinal cord to thalamus

Question 26

Lamina I is associated with what type of pain

Answer 26

fast, acute

Question 27

Lamina I is associated with what fibers

Answer 27

A-delta

Question 28

Lamina II and III are associated with what type of paoin

Answer 28

slow chronic

Question 29

Lamina II and III are associated with what fibers

Answer 29

C fibers

Question 30

Lamina V are assocaited with what neurons

Answer 30

wide dynamic range neurons

Question 31

characteristics of WDR neurons

Answer 31

polymodal, respond to noxious and non-noxious stimuli

Question 32

What fibers are WDR neurons stimulated by

Answer 32

A-delta, C fibers | A-beta

Question 33

What does primary afferent neurons release

Answer 33

glutamate, substance P and CGRP

Question 34

What does gluatmate bind

Answer 34

AMPA-R and NMDA-R

Question 35

What does substance P bind

Answer 35

neurkokina 1 receptor

Question 36

central sensitization

Answer 36

amplification of pain signal at spinal cord level, result in secondary hyperalgesia

Question 37

secondary hyperalgesia

Answer 37

increased sensitization to pain

Question 38

How do you get secondary hyperalgesia

Answer 38

prolonged and increased activation of nociceptors in periphery and projection pathways at spinal cord

Question 39

What causes primary hyperalgesia

Answer 39

peripheral events

Question 40

What is secondary hyperalgesia caused by

Answer 40

central vents but also primary sensitization

Question 41

what is the wind up phenomenon

Answer 41

postsynpastic neuron has increased activation, increased firing, and amplified pain signal

Question 42

What receptors are immediately activated - AMPRA-r or NMDA-R

Answer 42

AMPA-R

Question 43

What happens when AMPA-R levels reach threshold of activiation

Answer 43

release Mg++ block on NMDA-R NMDA-R activated flood gates open, increased Ca++ and Na+

Question 44

function of acute sensitization

Answer 44

protective

Question 45

function of chronic sensitization

Answer 45

there isn't one, maladaptive

Question 46

What allows for chronic sensitization

Answer 46

neuronal plasticity/changes in gene expression

Question 47

What is happening in chronic sensitization

Answer 47

exaggerated release of glutamate

Question 48

allodynia

Answer 48

pain resulting from non-noxious stimulus

Question 49

What is the DC-ML mediated by

Answer 49

A-beta fibers

Question 50

What is DC-ML involved in

Answer 50

discriminative touch, proprioception

Question 51

What is AL inovlved in

Answer 51

temperature, pain, crude touch

Question 52

What is AL mediated though

Answer 52

Adelta and C fibers

Question 53

What are the 2 subdivision of spinalthalamic pathway

Answer 53

neospinothalamic, paleospinothalamic

Question 54

Characteristics of neospinothalamic

Answer 54

fast type A-delta fibers | projections from Lamina I, IV and V

Question 55

What is primary sensory cortex involved in

Answer 55

sensory-discriminative component of pain: location, intensity, modality

Question 56

what type of pain is primary sensory cortex involved in

Answer 56

sharp well localized

Question 57

what type of fibers does paleospinothalamic inovled in

Answer 57

slow type C fibers

Question 58

what lamina do paleospinothalamic tranmit to

Answer 58

II, III, and V

Question 59

What is paleospinothalamic involved in

Answer 59

emotion affect/visceral component of pain

Question 60

Characteristics of spinoretical tract

Answer 60

innervate reticular formation motor respond to pain descending pain control

Question 61

characteristics of spinomesencephalic tract

Answer 61

innervates midbrain - PAG regulation and modulation of pain experience decscending pain control