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Physiology Exam VI > Pain II > Flashcards

Pain II Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 components of pain processing

A

peripheral transduction
transmission
spinal modulation
supraspinal perception

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2
Q

what is peripheral transduction

A

source of pain

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3
Q

What are A-delta fibers responsible for

A

localized, sharp, fhirst pain

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4
Q

what do A-delta fibers respond to

A

intense mechanical and thermal stimuli

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5
Q

what A-delta fibers myelinated or unmyleinated

A

myelinted

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6
Q

what are C fibers responsible for

A

poorly localized, diffuse second pain

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7
Q

what do C fibers respond to

A

they are polymodal, so mechanical, thermal and chemical stimuli

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8
Q

what is second pain

A

dull throbbing nagging pain

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9
Q

Are C fibers myelinated or unmyelinated

A

unmyelinated

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10
Q

are C fibers small are large

A

small diameter

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11
Q

Characteristics of A-alpha fibers

A

large diameter, mylinated, fast conducting

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12
Q

Characteristics of A-beta fibers

A

large diameter, myelinated, fast conducting

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13
Q

what do A-beta fibers respond to

A

touch/proprioception

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14
Q

Are A-delta fibers small or medium or large

A

medium diameter

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15
Q

FIbers associated with Cuatenous

A

A delta mechanical and heat

C-fiber polymodal nociceptor

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16
Q

FIbers associatd with joints

A

2x as many unmyelinated fibers

A delta and C fibers

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17
Q

What do joints primarily have

A

C fibers

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18
Q

What do joints respond to

A

mechanical stimulation, inflammation

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19
Q

What are muscles similar to

A

joints

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20
Q

what do muscles respond to

A

mechanical, thermal, chemical, ischemia

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21
Q

What do muscle primary have

A

C fibers

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22
Q

What is the predominate fibers of viscera

A

C-fbers

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23
Q

What do viscer respond to

A

mechanical distension, chemical

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24
Q

where do primary nociceptive neurons synpase and with what

A

dorsal horn of spinal cord with secondary afferent nociceptive neurons

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25
Q

Path of secondary afferent nociceptive neurons

A

cross midline, enter anterolateral pathway, continue up spinal cord to thalamus

26
Q

Lamina I is associated with what type of pain

A

fast, acute

27
Q

Lamina I is associated with what fibers

A

A-delta

28
Q

Lamina II and III are associated with what type of paoin

A

slow chronic

29
Q

Lamina II and III are associated with what fibers

A

C fibers

30
Q

Lamina V are assocaited with what neurons

A

wide dynamic range neurons

31
Q

characteristics of WDR neurons

A

polymodal, respond to noxious and non-noxious stimuli

32
Q

What fibers are WDR neurons stimulated by

A

A-delta, C fibers

A-beta

33
Q

What does primary afferent neurons release

A

glutamate, substance P and CGRP

34
Q

What does gluatmate bind

A

AMPA-R and NMDA-R

35
Q

What does substance P bind

A

neurkokina 1 receptor

36
Q

central sensitization

A

amplification of pain signal at spinal cord level, result in secondary hyperalgesia

37
Q

secondary hyperalgesia

A

increased sensitization to pain

38
Q

How do you get secondary hyperalgesia

A

prolonged and increased activation of nociceptors in periphery and projection pathways at spinal cord

39
Q

What causes primary hyperalgesia

A

peripheral events

40
Q

What is secondary hyperalgesia caused by

A

central vents but also primary sensitization

41
Q

what is the wind up phenomenon

A

postsynpastic neuron has increased activation, increased firing, and amplified pain signal

42
Q

What receptors are immediately activated - AMPRA-r or NMDA-R

A

AMPA-R

43
Q

What happens when AMPA-R levels reach threshold of activiation

A

release Mg++ block on NMDA-R
NMDA-R activated
flood gates open, increased Ca++ and Na+

44
Q

function of acute sensitization

A

protective

45
Q

function of chronic sensitization

A

there isn’t one, maladaptive

46
Q

What allows for chronic sensitization

A

neuronal plasticity/changes in gene expression

47
Q

What is happening in chronic sensitization

A

exaggerated release of glutamate

48
Q

allodynia

A

pain resulting from non-noxious stimulus

49
Q

What is the DC-ML mediated by

A

A-beta fibers

50
Q

What is DC-ML involved in

A

discriminative touch, proprioception

51
Q

What is AL inovlved in

A

temperature, pain, crude touch

52
Q

What is AL mediated though

A

Adelta and C fibers

53
Q

What are the 2 subdivision of spinalthalamic pathway

A

neospinothalamic, paleospinothalamic

54
Q

Characteristics of neospinothalamic

A

fast type A-delta fibers

projections from Lamina I, IV and V

55
Q

What is primary sensory cortex involved in

A

sensory-discriminative component of pain: location, intensity, modality

56
Q

what type of pain is primary sensory cortex involved in

A

sharp well localized

57
Q

what type of fibers does paleospinothalamic inovled in

A

slow type C fibers

58
Q

what lamina do paleospinothalamic tranmit to

A

II, III, and V

59
Q

What is paleospinothalamic involved in

A

emotion affect/visceral component of pain

60
Q

Characteristics of spinoretical tract

A

innervate reticular formation
motor respond to pain
descending pain control

61
Q

characteristics of spinomesencephalic tract

A

innervates midbrain - PAG
regulation and modulation of pain experience
decscending pain control

Physiology Exam VI (18 decks)

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