Intro to Sensory Systems

Question 1

Examples of mechanoreceptors

Answer 1

encapsulated nerve endings in skin

hair cells in cochlea

Question 2

examples of chemoreceptors

Answer 2

CO2 and O2 receptors

olfactory and taste receptor cells

Question 3

receptor specificity

Answer 3

specific receptor is affected by only 1 type of stimulus

Question 4

labels line principle

Answer 4

there is a chain of connected neurons from sensory receptor to the brain

Question 5

frequency code

Answer 5

signal increasing stimulus strength by increasing frequency of nerve impulses

Question 6

population code

Answer 6

signal increasing stimulus strength by increasing number of fibers activated

Question 7

adaptation

Answer 7

when you keep hammering a receptor it starts reacting less

Question 8

examples of non-adapting receptor

Answer 8

nociceptor

Question 9

slowly adapting receptors (tonic receptors)

Answer 9

useful for giving continuous info about a stimulus

not useful for telling you an exact beginning or end

Question 10

examples of slowly adapting receptors

Answer 10

Merkel cell ending, Merkel’s disce

Question 11

Rapidly adapting receptors are also called

Answer 11

phasic receptors

rate receptors

Question 12

examples of rapidly adapting receptors

Answer 12

Pacinian corpuscle

Meissner corpuscle

Question 13

rapidly adapting receptors

Answer 13

useful for telling you an exact beginning and end
not useful for telling you continuous signal
can signal change in stimulus intensity

Question 14

rapidly adapting receptors can help extract what type of information?

Answer 14

dynamic (velocity, acceleration)

Question 15

what types of receptors are involved in tactile and vibratory sensation

Answer 15

free nerve endings

low threshold mechanoreceptors

Question 16

funciton of free nerve ending

Answer 16

responsible for crude touch

Question 17

what are low threshold mechanoreceptors

Answer 17

encapsulated endings of myelinated fibers

Question 18

where are Merke;s disks found

Answer 18

base of epidermis

Question 19

what has the highest spatial resolution of all sensory afferents

Answer 19

merkel disk

Question 20

function of Merkcel’s disk

Answer 20

statis discrimination of shapes, edges and textures

Question 21

function of slowly adapting afferent II

Answer 21

innervate a receptor that responds to stretching of skin

Question 22

what is the fier from Meissner’s corpuscle

Answer 22

rapidly adapting

Question 23

where are Meissner’s corpuscles found

Answer 23

closer to the skin surface than Merkel’s disc

Question 24

what are Meissner’s corpuscles sensitive to

Answer 24

low frequency vibrations

Question 25

what is responsible for detection of slippage between skin and an object held in hand

Answer 25

Meissner’s corpuslce

Question 26

where are pacinian corpuscle found

Answer 26

subcutaneous tissue

Question 27

which adapts more rapidly, meissner’s or pacinian corpuslces

Answer 27

pacinian

Question 28

function of pacinian corpuscle

Answer 28

sensitive to high frequency vibrations

helps with skilled tool use

Question 29

function of hair end-organ

Answer 29

detect movement of objects on body surface and initial contact of an object with the body

Question 30

what receptors are involved in proproception

Answer 30

joint receptor
muscle spindle/golgi tendon organ
skin tactile receptor

Question 31

what is the doral column responsible for

Answer 31

fine tactile discrimination, vibratory sense, and proprioceptive sense
2-point discrimination

Question 32

lesions in dorsal column pathway can cause deficits in what

Answer 32

tactile discrimination
vibratory sense
proprioception

Question 33

where does information of dorsal column cross

Answer 33

brainstem

Question 34

what is the anterolateral system ( spinothalamic tract) responsible for

Answer 34

nociceptive and thermal sensation

Question 35

where does informtion of anterolateral system cross

Answer 35

spinal cord

Question 36

where is somatosensory cortex located

Answer 36

parietal lobe

Question 37

what broadmann areas is primary somatic sensory cortex associated with

Answer 37

3b, 3a, 1 and 2

Question 38

where is the foot area of somatotopic map found

Answer 38

medial cortex

Question 39

what does cortical area of somatosensory cortex respond to

Answer 39

cutaneous stimuli

Question 40

what do neurons in somatosensory area II do

Answer 40

show attention to modulated responses

Question 41

nerve pressure palsy

Answer 41

limb falling asleep

Question 42

sever one peripheral nerve would result in

Answer 42

sensory loss in gragments of adjacent dermatones

Question 43

peripheral neuropathy would result in what

Answer 43

stocking glow pattern

Question 44

which fiber types are myleinated (I - IV)

Answer 44

I, II, and III

Question 45

A alpha function

Answer 45

axon of alpha motor neuron
muscle spindle primary ending (Ia)
golgi tendon organ afferent (Ib

Question 46

A beta function

Answer 46

muscle spindle secondary ending (II)

axons of cutaneous mechanoreceptors

Question 47

A gamma function

Answer 47

aon of gamma motor enuron to muscle spindle fibers

Question 48

A delta function

Answer 48

fast pain

some temperature receptor

Question 49

B function

Answer 49

sympathetic preganglionic axons

Question 50

C function

Answer 50

slow pain, some temperature

sympathetic, postganglionic axons

Question 51

which fiber types are mylinated (A- C)

Answer 51

A and B

Question 52

conudtion velocity of A alpha

Answer 52

100 m/sec

Question 53

conduction velocity of A beta

Answer 53

50 m/sec

Question 54

conduction velocity of A delta

Answer 54

20 m/sec

Question 55

conduction velocity of C

Answer 55

1 m/sec

Question 56

adequate stimulus

Answer 56

the stimulus that affects 1 receptor, normally

Question 57

conscious proprioception example

Answer 57

kinesthesia