tagereted therapies Flashcards
1
Q
how do cancer cells survive
A
- overexpressing growth receptors
- mutating receptors to become more active
- mutating downstream signaling proteins to become more active
2
Q
what is a targeted therapy
A
only kills cells expressing specific markers, highly specific
3
Q
Problems that can arose from targeted therapies
A
cancer cells can mutate to no longer rely on the targeted markers
4
Q
Two classes of targeted therapy drugs
A
- Monoclonal antibodies (-mabs)
- Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (-nibs)
5
Q
Cetuximab is a
A
Monoclonal antibody
6
Q
how does cetuximab work
A
- blocks the external domain of growth factor
- prevents binding of EGF
- prevents downstream signaling
- this down-regulated proliferation, survival, invasion and metastasis
- also stimulises immune repsonse
7
Q
what is cetuximab commonly used for
A
head and neck in conjunction with rt
8
Q
Erlotinib is a
A
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
9
Q
how does erlotinib work
A
- blocks internal domain of EGFR
- does not prevent the binding of EGF
- still blocks downstream signaling
- this down-regulated proliferation, survival, invasion and metasis
10
Q
what cancer is erlotinib used for
A
lung
11
Q
trastuzumab is a
A
monoclonal antibody
12
Q
how does trastuzumab work
A
- no natural ligand to block
- prevents activation of downstream signaling
- this dow-regulates proliferation, survival, invasion and metastasis
- it also stimulates immune response
13
Q
vemurafenib is a
A
Tyrosine kinase inhibitor
14
Q
how does vemurafenib work
A
- inhibits mutant BRAF protein
- blocks downstream signal
- this down-regulates proliferation, metastases, invasion and survival
