staging and grading Flashcards
AJCC
American Joint COmmittee on Cancer
UICC
Union for International Cancer Control
FIGO
International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics
COG
Children Oncology Group
Staging
the estimation of the extent of the disease and considers both the primary and metastatic tumours
Staging is determined via
physical exam imaging -ct, x-ray, MRI lab tests - blood, pee pathology reports surgical reports
Staging is important because
it helps in treatment planning
assists the evaluation of treatment modalities
aids prognosis
enables patients to b compared between different cancer centres internationally
research and clinical trials
TNM staging
most commonly used Tumour Node Metastases 0-4 - degree of involvement
T
size, how deep and wether it has grown into nearby tissue
TX means
tumour cant be measures
T0 means
No evidence of primary tumour
Tis means
cancer cells only growing in superfical layer, carcinoma in situ
T size
Higher the T no. means larger the tumour
T1
small tumour of less than 2cm
T4
advanced local disease often invading local structures
N
higher the N number the greater the cancer spread using lymph nodes
N0
no nodal involment
N1
mobile nodes on the same side
N2
mobile nodes on contralateral (opposite ) side
N3
tumour spread to more distant regional lymph nodes