T5: How far did Parliament become a partner in government 1689-1701?

Question 1

definition of partner in government?

Answer 1

• equal terms/same responsibilities and powers
• both indispensable

Question 2

when did William form his Privy Council?

Answer 2

1689

Question 3

what powers did William use to appoint ministers in his Privy Council?

Answer 3

prerogative powers, appointed own ministers as per the terms of the Bill of Rights

Question 4

who did William appoint as Lord Privy Seal?

Answer 4

Lord Halifax

Question 5

what was the significance of Lord Halifax?

Answer 5

not Whig or Tory - could transcend differences

Question 6

what position did William appoint Lord Halifax to?

Answer 6

Lord Privy Seal

Question 7

how did William attempt to create loyalty from both parties in his Privy Council?

Answer 7

Carefully selected balance of Whigs + Tories filled other posts, not always popular in Commons

Question 8

who did William appoint as Lord President?

Answer 8

Danby

Question 9

when was William’s first Parliament?

Answer 9

1690

Question 10

what demonstrates the strengthening of the powers of the Privy Council over Parl?

Answer 10

attempt to establish Parliamentary commission to scrutinise gov finances = rejected

Question 11

what demonstrates William’s desire to keep the powers he has?

Answer 11

relationship between Parl + Danby is strained but W defends right to lick own ministers and keeps Danby

Question 12

when did William face war in Scotland and Ireland?

Answer 12

1690-2

Question 13

examples of successful battles in Ireland for William?

Answer 13

• Battle of the Boyne (1690)
• Battle of Aughrim (1691)

Question 14

when was the Battle of the Boyne?

Answer 14

1690

Question 15

when was the Battle of Aughrim?

Answer 15

1691

Question 16

what country were the Battles of the Boyne and of Aughrim?

Answer 16

Ireland

Question 17

were the Battles of the Boyne and of Aughrim successful for William?

Answer 17

yes, victories

Question 18

what is an example of a successful battle for William in Scotland?

Answer 18

put down Jacobite forces at the Glencoe Massacre, 1692

Question 19

when was the Glencoe Massacre?

Answer 19

1692

Question 20

what happened at the Glencoe Massacre?

Answer 20

William put down Jacobite forces

Question 21

what country was the Glencoe Massacre?

Answer 21

Scotland

Question 22

what was the impact of the war in Ireland for Parliament?

Answer 22

able to gain power as cost meant they could set up Parl commission to scrutinise and control gov expenditure

Question 23

why were Parliament eventually able to set up a commission to scrutinise gov expenditure?

Answer 23

• 9 yrs war
• war in Ireland

Question 24

what was the consequence of commission to scrutinise gov expenditure in terms of power?

Answer 24

Parliament gained power over the king

Question 25

what was the significance of the wars in Scotland and Ireland?

Answer 25

Glorious Rev not bloodless, only bloodless in England

Question 26

were the wars in Ireland and Scotland really a result of the Glorious Rev?

Answer 26

arguably not - meant GR not bloodless and Parl gaining power over king (scrutinising commission) not in fact result of GR

Question 26

what were the Whig Junto ?

Answer 26

group of Whig rebels (not against crown, but had ideas that deviated from traditional Whig ones)

Question 26

when were the Whig Junto active?

Answer 26

1692-7

Question 27

what were the beliefs of the Whig Junto and what was their impact?

Answer 27

favoured a strong executive regular Parls and supported W’s war to promote Protestantism in Europe, became dominant in Parl and gov

Question 28

what are examples of William retaining power?

Answer 28

his use of veto in the years 1692-4. uses it 3 times in these years

Question 29

an example of William using his royal veto?

Answer 29

1693 vetoes the Triennial Bill

Question 30

how many times does William use his veto 1692-4?

Answer 30

3

Question 31

in what years does William use his power of veto 3 times?

Answer 31

1692-4

Question 32

what does William's use of his royal veto show?

Answer 32

William wanted to preserve his powers and still had key powers

Question 33

what group tries to pass the Triennial Bill 1693?

Answer 33

Whig Junto

Question 34

was the Triennial Act revolutionary?

Answer 34

no - seen twice before 1661 and 1664

Question 35

why was the Triennial Act eventually passed?

Answer 35

increasing need for funds for war

Question 36

when was the Triennial Act passed with Royal Assent?

Answer 36

Jan 1694

Question 37

what was the significance of the passing of the Triennial Act 1694?

Answer 37

- shows William feels pressured to pass legislation he doesn't like - Parl now regular! - permanent place in gov - step towards 'partner in government'

Question 38

what did the Triennial Act 1694 mean?

Answer 38

- Meant Parl could not last longer than 3 years - meant new elections more regular - MPs changing more frequently = harder for Crown to establish loyal following in Parl - had to work harder for support

Question 39

what was passed jan 1694?

Answer 39

Triennial Act

Question 40

what event was caused by the Triennial Act?

Answer 40

Rage of the Party

Question 41

when was the Rage of the Party?

Answer 41

1694-1716

Question 42

what is the instability caused by frequent elections caused by the Triennial Act called?

Answer 42

the Rage of the Party

Question 43

impact of Triennial Act on Parliament?

Answer 43

- politics increasingly governed by loyalty to a party (after 1795 only 14% MPs engaged in cross-party voting) - due to frequent elections

Question 44

stats for impact of more frequent elections after the Triennial Act 1794?

Answer 44

- 6 elections 1689-1701 - each election saw average 100/269 seats contested, no seats contested in only 19 constituencies

Question 45

what does increased number of seats being contested show?

Answer 45

people getting more involved in politics, having to decide between candidates, renewed interest in politics from those outside gov, esp 200,000 who could vote

Question 46

how many men could vote at this time?

Answer 46

200,000

Question 47

what problem do more frequent elections cause for William?

Answer 47

harder to gain loyalty in Parliament

Question 48

when was the loyal 'Association'?

Answer 48

1696

Question 49

what did the loyal Association lead to?

Answer 49

removal from office of 86 JPs

Question 50

what did the resistance to the loyal Association show?

Answer 50

opposition to William still significant

Question 51

why did opposition to William grow?

Answer 51

resentment of high taxes (due to wars) and fear of corruption

Question 52

what were the 2 factions in Parl called?

Answer 52

Court and Country

Question 53

who were the Court faction?

Answer 53

Whig Junto supporters, loyal to Crown

Question 54

who were the Country faction?

Answer 54

Tories and some disaffected Whigs, believed Court faction to be corrupting politics

Question 55

how did the Country faction limit William's power?

Answer 55

- 1697- Country opposition managed to pass law that limited W to sustaining an army of 10,000 through government grants. - 1698- lowered to 7,000

Question 56

what law did the Country faction pass 1697?

Answer 56

law that limited William to sustaining an army of 10,000 through gov grants

Question 57

when was William limited to sustaining an army of 10,000 through gov grants?

Answer 57

1697

Question 58

when was William limited to sustaining an army of 7,000 through gov grants?

Answer 58

1698

Question 59

significance of laws limiting William's standing army?

Answer 59

Parl gaining power over the king, William had become too reliant on the Whigs

Question 60

since when had taxation been redirected into Parl's control?

Answer 60

1689

Question 61

when was the Civil List Act?

Answer 61

1697

Question 62

what did the Civil List Act do?

Answer 62

formalised Parl's control of much of nation's finances - granted William £700,000 p/a for life as an allowance to pay for expenses of Royal Household, salaries for diplomats + judges etc - all taxes went to Parl to manage - Parl controlled military expenditure

Question 63

how much money was William granted by the Civil List Act?

Answer 63

£700,000 p/a for life

Question 64

significance of the Civil List Act?

Answer 64

- Parl have more power over king - control much of nation's finances - needs frequent review + renewing - another way to ensure regular Parls

Question 65

Act of Resumption year?

Answer 65

1699

Question 66

example of William feeling he has to do what Parl wants 1699?

Answer 66

Act of Resumption - gave Royal Assent

Question 67

when did the Tories make significant gains in elections?

Answer 67

1701

Question 68

which Whig Junto members did the Tories open impeachment proceedings against? when?

Answer 68

Montagu, Russel and Somers, 1701

Question 69

when did Tories open impeachment proceedings against Whig Junto members?

Answer 69

1701

Question 70

what did the attempted impeachment of Whigs by Tories show William?

Answer 70

needed to choose ministers that reflected majority view in HofC, despite theoretical authority to choose own. forced to listen to their views

Question 71

when did William die?

Answer 71

1702