T3: Scientific ideas Flashcards
what was the Scientific Revolution?
the emergence of modern scientific beliefs and methods
when dis the Scientific Revolution take place?
began approximately 1550, but peaked in C17th
what impact did the Scientific Revolution have on society?
helped to fundamentally alter established views on nature
what is Francis Bacon known for?
his contribution to the scientific method
what was Bacon’s experimental method?
- accumulate as much data as possible
- reject preconceived theories
- methodical observation of facts
what influence did Bacon have?
influenced others to adopt the ‘Baconian method’ e.g. used by the Royal Society which was founded 40 years after his death.
others also applied his method to other subject matter
example of Bacon’s method being applied to other subject matter?
Lord Falkland opened his home and estate in Oxfordshire to thinkers to question problems of the CofE- came to conclusion that toleration should be implemented
who was Isaac Newton?
one of the most influential scientists in history, discovered gravity
what is Newton’s most respected work, what is the significance of it? when was it published?
Principia, 1687
represented a break from the mindset of the Middle Ages
when was Newton elected 12th President of the Royal Society?
1703
when was the Royal Society founded?
1662
what did CII grant the Royal Society?
a Royal Charter
3 early members of the Royal Society?
- John Locke
- Samuel Pepys
- John Dryden
what did the Royal Society initially study, when did it dedicate itself to science?
initially a variety of areas e.g. how to improve the English language
dedicated solely to scientific pursuits in 1684
what was more attractive to scholars, Ox+Cam or the Royal Society?
the Royal Society- Oxbridge excluded religious non-conformists and was often attended to gain the status of a degree
what was the aim of the Royal Society?
knowledge gathered to be used for public good
example of impact of the Royal Society?
discoveries presented in the first scientific journal, Philosophical Transactions, from 1665. allowed research to be shared, also included foreign discoveries. e.g. an Italian scientists observation provided missing link to William Harvey’s theory of blood circulation.
what was the name of the Royal Societies scientific journal?
Philosophical Transactions
when was Philosophical Transactions created?
1665
how did the Royal Society reach the public?
- regular public demonstrations + some public anatomy lessons- dissections of criminals (but mostly London)
by what year was the Royal Society part of the public consciousness + no longer viewed with suspicion?
1688
what was the impact of the Royal Charter?
helped the Royal Society to gain respect and influence
examples of similar institutions established abroad?
- 1666 French Royal Academy of Sciences
- 1700 Prussian Academy of Science
when was the French Royal Academy of Sciences established?
1666
