T1: James II

Question 1

what was James’ aim?

Answer 1

toleration for Catholics - needed penal laws against Catholics suspended

Question 2

when did James II become king?

Answer 2

1685

Question 3

when did James call Parliament?

Answer 3

1685

Question 4

was the 1685 Parliament cooperative?

Answer 4

yes, due to work of CII - granted James a generous financial settlement.

Question 5

who was Monmouth?

Answer 5

eldest illegitimate son of CII

Question 6

when and where was Monmouth’s Rebellion?

Answer 6

Dorset June 1685

Question 7

what became of Monmouth’s Rebellion?

Answer 7

• received little support from political nation
• army ill-equipped and poorly prepared
• bloody punishments, Monmouth beheaded

Question 8

what was the significance of the lack of support for Monmouth?

Answer 8

indicated respect for hereditary rights and fear of upheaval

Question 9

what was the name of the courts that travelled the West Country to root out support for Monmouth?

Answer 9

Bloody Assizes

Question 10

example that demonstrate Parliament’s support for James in 1685?

Answer 10

• generous financial settlement
• little protest of ‘Bloody Assizes’ that travelled west country to root out supporters of Monmouth

Question 11

where did the 1685 Parliaments support for James end?

Answer 11

not willing to do anything to benefit Catholics, and were critical of the actions James took to enlarge army and appoint 80 Catholic officers

Question 12

what did the Monmouth Rebellion give James an excuse to do?

Answer 12

double the size of the army

Question 13

what did James use to establish rights for Catholics?

Answer 13

royal prerogative

Question 14

what did JII do regarding Catholics in 1685?

Answer 14

issued personal dispensations to allow Catholics to become army officers (80 appointed)

Question 15

when did James II issue personal dispensations to allow Catholics to become army officers?

Answer 15

1685

Question 16

what confirmed James’ ability to use personal dispensations to make Catholics army officers?

Answer 16

Gooden vs Hales case 1686

Question 17

when did both houses of Parl express concern about James’ changes to army?

Answer 17

Nov 1685

Question 18

when was the Goddens vs Hales case?

Answer 18

1686

Question 19

from when did JII try to appeal instead to Whigs, especially the dissenters?

Answer 19

from 1686

Question 20

what was the result of James trying to appeal to all of Parliament?

Answer 20

alienated them all - meant that both Whigs and Tories now willing to accept William

Question 21

when did James issue 3 questions to all JPs?

Answer 21

1687

Question 22

what were James’ 3 questions to all JPs, and what were they used for?

Answer 22

questions about projected repeal of Test Act and Corporation Act - he dismissed and replaced JPs based on reactions

Question 23

when did JII issue his Declaration of Indulgence?

Answer 23

1687

Question 24

what did James’ Dec of Ind do?

Answer 24

granted freedom of worship to both Catholics and dissenting Protestants

Question 25

what did James' further remodelling of borough charters allow him to do?

Answer 25

appoint Catholics as magistrates

Question 26

when did James establish his Ecclesiastical Commission?

Answer 26

1686

Question 27

what did the Ecclesiastical Commission do?

Answer 27

set up to act as a court for church affairs. was used to replace the fellows of Magdalene College, Oxford with Catholics

Question 28

rather than creating equality, what did James' actions seem to be doing?

Answer 28

attacking Protestants

Question 29

when did James renew his Declaration of Indulgence, and what did he say must be done?

Answer 29

1688, said that it must be read from ever pulpit

Question 30

what was the result of James' 1688 order?

Answer 30

7 Bishops refused and were arrested and charged with sedition

Question 31

when was James' son born?

Answer 31

1688

Question 32

what problem did the birth of James' son cause?

Answer 32

Catholic heir! had to take action

Question 33

what conspiracy theory emerged about the birth of James' son?

Answer 33

warming pan baby

Question 34

when was William of Orange invited to invade England?

Answer 34

1688

Question 35

who invited WofO to invade?

Answer 35

7 leading political figures, representing all sections of political nation

Question 36

when did William's forces land in Devon?

Answer 36

Nov 1688

Question 37

what did James' opponents claim he had done when William invaded?

Answer 37

abdicated

Question 38

what did James do after being defeated by William?

Answer 38

fled to France

Question 39

How did James' actions in Ireland exacerbate political instability in England?

Answer 39

- James continued Charles' policy of Catholicisation in Ireland- purged Protestants from Irish army and Catholicised government - people feared Irish army would be used against England

Question 40

How did James' actions in Scotland exacerbate political instability in England?

Answer 40

continued to promote toleration in Scotland. issued Scottish Declaration of Indulgence which released Catholics from penal laws in Scotland (this confirmed link between Catholicism and Absolutism for many people)

Question 41

how did events in France exacerbate political instability in England?

Answer 41

1865 Louis XIV revoked Edict of Nantes - flood of refugees increased religious tensions.

Question 42

overall, in the atmosphere created by events in Scotland, Ireland and France, how were James' actions received?

Answer 42

James' moderate plans were misunderstood - what people thought he was trying to do became more important than reality