T1: Why did the relationship between CI and Parliament deteriorate 1625-9?

Question 1

who did CI marry?

Answer 1

Henrietta Maria of France

Question 2

when did CI marry Henrietta Maria?

Answer 2

1625

Question 3

who did Henrietta Maria bring with her?

Answer 3

her own court of Catholic clergy and advisors

Question 4

what religion was CI?

Answer 4

Arminian

Question 5

example of an Arminian that CI appointed to court?

Answer 5

Montagu

Question 6

when was William Laud appointed Bishop of London?

Answer 6

1629

Question 7

what religion was Laud?

Answer 7

Arminian

Question 8

why did the presence of Catholics at the heat of gov lead to conflict?

Answer 8

worries that CI would convert to Catholicism

Question 9

what religion was predominant in Parl?

Answer 9

Puritans

Question 10

how did Puritans feel about Arminians?

Answer 10

suspicious

Question 11

why did CI have to call Parliament in 1625?

Answer 11

had run out of funds for war with Spain.
had gained a loan from City of London merchants but not enough

Question 12

when did CI gain a loan from City of London merchants?

Answer 12

1625

Question 13

details of City of London merchants loan?

Answer 13

• 1625
• £60,000

Question 14

when did Parliament refuse to grant Tonnage and Poundage to CI?

Answer 14

1625

Question 15

why did Parl’s refusal to grant lifelong T+P cause conflict?

Answer 15

had granted it to other monarchs, but only for one year for CI

Question 16

what did the granting of T+P for only 1 year mean for CI?

Answer 16

had to recall parl yearly

Question 17

when did the commons vote for 5 subsidies in taxation?

Answer 17

1628

Question 18

why did the commons vote for 5 subsidies in taxation?

Answer 18

didn’t want to be dissolved again. to fund war with France and Spain?

Question 19

what was the centre of the majority of disputes between CI and Parl?

Answer 19

finance

Question 20

why were CI and Parl both very distrustful of the other?

Answer 20

felt each was getting above their station

Question 21

why was the war with Spain causing resentment?

Answer 21

• conscription
• forced billeting
• economic depression

Question 22

two examples of failed foreign policy:

Answer 22

• failed attack on Cadiz 1625
• attempt to help Huguenots goes wrong at La Rochelle 1628

Question 23

when was England at war with Spain and France?

Answer 23

1628

Question 24

who led the failed attack on Cadiz?

Answer 24

Buckingham’s nominee, Wimbledon

Question 25

when was the failed attack on Cadiz?

Answer 25

1625

Question 26

when was the failed attempt to help Huguenots at La Rochelle?

Answer 26

1628

Question 27

what was the impact of limited military success?

Answer 27

- Parl questioned why they were funding the wars - loss of confidence in CI and Buckingham

Question 28

how was the Duke of Buckingham received by Parl?

Answer 28

disliked and incompetent

Question 29

when did Parl call for Buckingham's impeachment?

Answer 29

1625 and 26

Question 30

how did the king respond to Parl's attempts to impeach Buckingham?

Answer 30

dissolved in 1625 and 1626

Question 31

when was Buckingham assassinated?

Answer 31

1629

Question 32

what was the reaction to Buckingham's assassination?

Answer 32

greatly celebrated

Question 33

what was the impact and significance of Buckingham?

Answer 33

- Charles' defence of B led to great resentment from Parl - CI felt they had no right to question his choice of commanders/ advisors - Parl wanted accountability for disasters and funds

Question 34

when did CI demand a forced loan from all taxpayers?

Answer 34

1626

Question 35

what was the significance of the forced loan?

Answer 35

direct challenge to law and Parl

Question 36

two examples of resistance to the 1626 forced loan:

Answer 36

- Lord Chief Justice Carew - Five Knights Case

Question 37

what did Lord Chief Justice Carew do?

Answer 37

refuse to recognise legality of the forced loan - dismissed

Question 38

when was the Five Knights Case?

Answer 38

1627

Question 39

what happened in the Five Knights Case?

Answer 39

- 5 knights refused to pay the forced loan - imprisoned - right to fair trial refused - CI claimed he had emergency powers of arrest as at war

Question 40

how did the forced loan make CI look?

Answer 40

absolutist

Question 41

what did Parl present to CI in 1628?

Answer 41

the Petition of Right

Question 42

when did Parl present the Petition of Right to CI?

Answer 42

1628

Question 43

what was the Petition of Right?

Answer 43

presented to CI by Parl. demanded he overturned his decision in the Five Knights Case and that citizens would not be forced to pay loans.

Question 44

what was CI's reaction to the Petition of Right?

Answer 44

- dissolves Parl - reissues the Petition, asserting the right to collect T+P w/o parl's consent

Question 45

when did CI publish his revised version of the Petition of Right?

Answer 45

1629

Question 46

what is the day that began the personal rule known as?

Answer 46

the Day of Adjournment

Question 47

when was the Day of Adjournment?

Answer 47

1629

Question 48

what 3 demands did a group of MPs make on the Day of Adjournment?

Answer 48

demanded passing of 3 formal resolutions against: - growth of Arminianism - levying of T+P - those who paid T+P

Question 49

how did the 3 demands get passed on the Day of Adjournment?

Answer 49

speaker was held down in his chair until they were passed

Question 50

how was Parl eventually adjourned?

Answer 50

same day as the 3 resolutions passed, Parl question CI over the Petition. Parl is adjourned.

Question 51

what does adjourned mean?

Answer 51

officially shut down

Question 52

what were the overall reasons for conflict between CI and Parl 1625-9?

Answer 52

- religion - finance - foreign policy - Duke of Buckingham - royal interference in Parl (forced loan) - Divine Right (response to Petition of Right)

Question 53

years that CI dissolves Parl?

Answer 53

1625, 1626, 1629, 1640

Question 54

why did CI dissolve Parl in 1625?

Answer 54

in response to refusal to grant lifelong T+P

Question 55

why did CI dissolve Parl in 1626?

Answer 55

to save Duke of Buckingham from impeachment

Question 56

why did CI dissolve Parl in 1629?

Answer 56

in response to the Three Resolutions