T1: Why did the relationship between CI and Parliament deteriorate 1625-9? Flashcards
who did CI marry?
Henrietta Maria of France
when did CI marry Henrietta Maria?
1625
who did Henrietta Maria bring with her?
her own court of Catholic clergy and advisors
what religion was CI?
Arminian
example of an Arminian that CI appointed to court?
Montagu
when was William Laud appointed Bishop of London?
1629
what religion was Laud?
Arminian
why did the presence of Catholics at the heat of gov lead to conflict?
worries that CI would convert to Catholicism
what religion was predominant in Parl?
Puritans
how did Puritans feel about Arminians?
suspicious
why did CI have to call Parliament in 1625?
had run out of funds for war with Spain.
had gained a loan from City of London merchants but not enough
when did CI gain a loan from City of London merchants?
1625
details of City of London merchants loan?
- 1625
- £60,000
when did Parliament refuse to grant Tonnage and Poundage to CI?
1625
why did Parl’s refusal to grant lifelong T+P cause conflict?
had granted it to other monarchs, but only for one year for CI
what did the granting of T+P for only 1 year mean for CI?
had to recall parl yearly
when did the commons vote for 5 subsidies in taxation?
1628
why did the commons vote for 5 subsidies in taxation?
didn’t want to be dissolved again. to fund war with France and Spain?
what was the centre of the majority of disputes between CI and Parl?
finance
why were CI and Parl both very distrustful of the other?
felt each was getting above their station
why was the war with Spain causing resentment?
- conscription
- forced billeting
- economic depression
two examples of failed foreign policy:
- failed attack on Cadiz 1625
- attempt to help Huguenots goes wrong at La Rochelle 1628
when was England at war with Spain and France?
1628
who led the failed attack on Cadiz?
Buckingham’s nominee, Wimbledon
when was the failed attack on Cadiz?
1625
when was the failed attempt to help Huguenots at La Rochelle?
1628
what was the impact of limited military success?
- Parl questioned why they were funding the wars
- loss of confidence in CI and Buckingham
how was the Duke of Buckingham received by Parl?
disliked and incompetent
when did Parl call for Buckingham’s impeachment?
1625 and 26
how did the king respond to Parl’s attempts to impeach Buckingham?
dissolved in 1625 and 1626
when was Buckingham assassinated?
1629
what was the reaction to Buckingham’s assassination?
greatly celebrated
what was the impact and significance of Buckingham?
- Charles’ defence of B led to great resentment from Parl
- CI felt they had no right to question his choice of commanders/ advisors
- Parl wanted accountability for disasters and funds
when did CI demand a forced loan from all taxpayers?
1626
what was the significance of the forced loan?
direct challenge to law and Parl
two examples of resistance to the 1626 forced loan:
- Lord Chief Justice Carew
- Five Knights Case
what did Lord Chief Justice Carew do?
refuse to recognise legality of the forced loan - dismissed
when was the Five Knights Case?
1627
what happened in the Five Knights Case?
- 5 knights refused to pay the forced loan
- imprisoned
- right to fair trial refused - CI claimed he had emergency powers of arrest as at war
how did the forced loan make CI look?
absolutist
what did Parl present to CI in 1628?
the Petition of Right
when did Parl present the Petition of Right to CI?
1628
what was the Petition of Right?
presented to CI by Parl. demanded he overturned his decision in the Five Knights Case and that citizens would not be forced to pay loans.
what was CI’s reaction to the Petition of Right?
- dissolves Parl
- reissues the Petition, asserting the right to collect T+P w/o parl’s consent
when did CI publish his revised version of the Petition of Right?
1629
what is the day that began the personal rule known as?
the Day of Adjournment
when was the Day of Adjournment?
1629
what 3 demands did a group of MPs make on the Day of Adjournment?
demanded passing of 3 formal resolutions against:
- growth of Arminianism
- levying of T+P
- those who paid T+P
how did the 3 demands get passed on the Day of Adjournment?
speaker was held down in his chair until they were passed
how was Parl eventually adjourned?
same day as the 3 resolutions passed, Parl question CI over the Petition. Parl is adjourned.
what does adjourned mean?
officially shut down
what were the overall reasons for conflict between CI and Parl 1625-9?
- religion
- finance
- foreign policy
- Duke of Buckingham
- royal interference in Parl
(forced loan) - Divine Right (response to Petition of Right)
years that CI dissolves Parl?
1625, 1626, 1629, 1640
why did CI dissolve Parl in 1625?
in response to refusal to grant lifelong T+P
why did CI dissolve Parl in 1626?
to save Duke of Buckingham from impeachment
why did CI dissolve Parl in 1629?
in response to the Three Resolutions
