T2: How far did fear of Catholicism increase under Charles I? Flashcards
when did Charles I marry Henrietta Maria?
1625
what religion was Henrietta Maria?
Catholic, and actively encouraged others to join her
how did CI respond to his wife’s displays of Catholicism?
made no attempt to restrict her influence
where did Henrietta Maria worship?
she had a private Catholic chapel
significance of HM’s private chapel?
- growing number of her court worshipped there
- she allowed her priest to officiate outside her chapel
- allowed for the spread of Catholicism in the heart of government
when was Laud appointed ABofC?
1633
what changes did Laud introduce to the church?
changes that were reminiscent of Catholicism
- organs
- altar placed at east end of church
- decoration
what happened to dissenting ministers under Laud?
summoned before church court or even Star Chamber
example of attacks on Puritans under Laud?
Burton, Bastwick and Prynne charged by Star Chamber 1637 for criticising Laud
what does the ‘unseen Catholic presence’ refer to?
the sense of Catholicism invading and ‘rotting the core’ of the English government
examples of the ‘unseen presence of Catholicism’?
- many members of Privy Council had Catholic wives e.g. Francis Cottington and Francis Widebank
- royal children and growing no. of courtiers worshipping in queen’s chapel
- CI adopted authoritarian behaviour, reminiscent of Catholic absolutist monarchs abroad
examples of Charles’ authoritarian behaviour towards Parl?
- forced loan 1626
- Petition of Right 1628
two Privy Councillors who had Catholic wives?
- Francis Cottington
- Francis Widebank
how did CI’s personality contribute to the fear of Catholicism?
- naturally reserved - didn’t want to explain his decisions, thus prompting suspicion
- also seemed uncaring and unaware of the effects of his actions
how did the Civil War contribute to fear of Catholicism?
- Catholic armies in Ireland + West Scotland helped out- threat of bringing a larger Catholic army caused fear in some Parliamentary areas
- 1645- plans to use Irish Catholic troops and offer of help from Pope made public - seemed to confirm Puritan ideas
in what year were plans to use Irish troops and offer from Pope made public?
1645 (after Royalist loss at Battle of Naseby)
how strong was the fear of Catholicism under CI?
6/10
- perceived links between absolutism and Catholicism brought into focus during PR
- most didnt openly question church reform
- but sense of Catholics at the heart of gov
