T1: Revisely AI flashcards
Describe the aim of Charles I during his Personal Rule from 1629 to 1640.
The aim was to not call Parliament and to govern effectively, focusing on achieving economic stability, implementing religious policies, and executing governmental policies.
Explain the significance of the dissolution of Parliament during Charles I’s reign.
The dissolution marked a turning point towards civil war, with some perceiving it as an attempt to create an absolute monarchy. However, there was little national reaction, as many justified it due to the behavior of MPs.
How did Charles I demonstrate effective leadership during his Personal Rule?
He met regularly with the Privy Council and spent many hours daily with his advisors, showing commitment to governance.
Define the role of the Privy Council during Charles I’s Personal Rule.
The Privy Council was led by efficient administrators like William Laud and Thomas Wentworth, who, despite being unpopular, helped manage the government effectively.
What financial measures did Charles I implement between 1630 and 1636?
He signed the Treaty of Madrid, reducing annual war spending significantly, and focused on the crown’s finances by introducing new impositions and reviving feudal payments.
Describe the impact of the monopoly licenses issued by Charles I.
The revival of monopoly licenses, such as the 1634 soap patent, caused public resentment due to increased prices and negative effects on businesses, particularly since the company awarded the monopoly was Catholic.
Explain the controversy surrounding ship money during Charles I’s reign.
Ship money was an annual levy established to fund the navy, which became controversial as Charles made it a nationwide tax without Parliamentary approval, leading to widespread resentment.
How did Charles I’s financial strategies affect his relationship with Parliament?
By raising money through measures like ship money without Parliamentary grants, Charles created worry and tension, contributing to the deterioration of his relationship with Parliament.
What was the annual expenditure on war during Charles I’s Personal Rule compared to the previous years?
Annual expenditure on war dropped from £500,000 during 1625-1629 to less than £70,000 in the 1630s after the Treaty of Madrid.
Discuss the public perception of Charles I’s Personal Rule in its early years.
The first few years of Personal Rule were relatively calm, with Charles being viewed as an effective leader despite the underlying tensions regarding his governance style.
Describe the role of William Laud in the Church during 1629-36.
William Laud was an Arminian who became Archbishop of Canterbury in 1633. He demanded strict adherence to church rules and increased formality and ritual, leading to the deprivation of ministers who resisted, many of whom emigrated to New England.
Explain the changes made to churches under Laud’s influence.
Churches were focused on hierarchy, decorated with statues, organs were restored, altars were moved to the East end, and there was an increase in color, resembling Catholic practices.
How did the Catholic influences manifest in the English court during this period?
The Catholic queen and a more Catholic court emerged, with the queen encouraging participation in Catholic worship. From 1635, the Pope’s ambassador was welcomed at court, indicating a close relationship.
Define the significance of the Hampden Case in 1637/8.
The Hampden Case was significant as it involved John Hampden’s legal challenge against the King regarding ship money, which was found in favor of the King by a narrow margin (7-5), reflecting general hostility towards Charles.
Do you know the consequences faced by Puritan writers who opposed Arminianism?
In 1637, the Star Chamber sentenced three Puritan writers—Burton, Bastwick, and Prynne—who published attacks on the government and Arminianism. They were punished by having their ears cut off, being branded, and imprisoned.
Explain the Puritan response to the changes in the Church during Laud’s tenure.
Puritans in London actively resisted by attacking and destroying statues in churches, reflecting their opposition to the Arminian changes and the perceived move towards Catholicism.
What was the outcome of the ship money collection in 1639?
Only 20% of the ship money was collected in 1639, leading to a taxpayers’ strike and passive resistance against the King’s demands.
Describe the political alliances formed against Charles I during 1636-40.
John Pym and his parliamentary allies, including the Duke of Bedford and John Hampden, represented the first resistance to Charles I, particularly among the gentry and Puritans.
How did Laud’s policies affect ministers in the Church?
Laud’s policies demanded strict adherence to church rules, resulting in the deprivation of ministers who resisted, many of whom chose to emigrate to New England.
Explain the role of the prerogative courts during Laud’s time.
The prerogative courts, where judges were chosen by the King, silenced anyone who spoke out against Arminianism, reflecting the oppressive measures taken against dissenters.
Describe the impact of Charles I’s decisions on Scotland during the Personal Rule.
Charles I’s decisions, including the introduction of the 1636 Book of Canons and the 1637 Book of Common Prayer, aimed to enforce religious uniformity in Scotland. This led to significant backlash, including riots and the formation of the National Covenant by Scottish clergy and nobility.
Explain the significance of the National Covenant in 1638.
The National Covenant was significant as it represented a collective effort by Scottish clergy and nobility to defend the Presbyterian Church (Kirk) and restore their religious rights, marking a pivotal moment in the opposition against Charles I’s policies.
How did Charles I’s lack of understanding of Scottish society affect his rule?
Charles I’s lack of understanding of Scottish society and governance led to misjudgments, such as his distrust of the Scottish Privy Council and the enforcement of his Personal Rule, which ultimately fueled opposition and conflict.
What were the consequences of the First Bishops’ War in 1639?
The First Bishops’ War resulted in both sides raising armies, with Charles I relying on poorly funded civilian soldiers. It ended with Charles being forced to sign the Treaty of Berwick, which temporarily halted hostilities.
