T4: Development of national markets

Question 1

what are national markets?

Answer 1

goods being transported and sold further than the local area (approx. 20 miles)

Question 2

what led to an increased demand for food?

Answer 2

growth in towns across England

Question 3

what did growth in towns across England lead to an increased demand for?

Answer 3

food

Question 4

stat for increased demand for food

Answer 4

shipments of grain to the City of London via the Thames rose from 500,000 quarters in 1605 to 1,150,000 quarters in 1661

Question 5

what did the transportation of food around the country necessitate?

Answer 5

better roads and specialist merchants who would source the stock to be taken to market

Question 6

what would specialist merchants do?

Answer 6

source stock to be taken to markets

Question 7

what is a market garden?

Answer 7

a specialist producer of fruit + veg close to London

Question 8

where were some market gardens located?

Answer 8

Fulham, Battersea, Whitechapel (all agricultural areas)

Question 9

why did the London market thrive?

Answer 9

because of the abundance of agricultural land nearby, as far away as Oxfordshire - easily accessible via the Thames

Question 10

what 2 factors facilitated the growth of national markets?

Answer 10

• improved road transport
• improved water transport

Question 11

when did roads become improved? why?

Answer 11

after 1650 - demand for goods made it necessary

Question 12

before 1650, how were roads maintained?

Answer 12

responsibility of local parishes and generally in poor repair (apart from Roman roads)

Question 13

what act allowed the creation of new toll roads by merchants and businessmen?

Answer 13

Turnpike Act 1663

Question 14

what was the impact of the Turnpike Act 1663

Answer 14

toll helped pay for upkeep of roads - improved road transport

Question 15

what was the Turnpike Act 1663?

Answer 15

allowed merchants and businessmen to create new toll roads

Question 16

what year was the first Turnpike Act?

Answer 16

1663

Question 17

how did improved roads impact the national market?

Answer 17

linked major market towns

Question 18

what development improved communication?

Answer 18

development of the stage coach

Question 19

when did the first coaches from London to Bristol and Bath appear?

Answer 19

1657

Question 20

who published the first road atlas? what year?

Answer 20

John Ogilby 1675

Question 21

details of first road atlas?

Answer 21

• John Ogilby
• 1675
• 300 pages
• covered all of England and Wales
• mapped 7,500 miles of road

Question 22

when was the first road atlas published?

Answer 22

1675

Question 23

what countries did the first road atlas cover?

Answer 23

all of England and Walesh

Question 24

how many pages was the first road atlas?

Answer 24

300

Question 25

how many miles of road did the first road atlas cover?

Answer 25

7,500 miles

Question 26

what was though of John Ogilby's road atlas?

Answer 26

well regarded for accuracy, became essential reading for merchants by 1700

Question 27

what did John Ogilby publish in 1675?

Answer 27

the first road atlas

Question 28

what was often the easiest way to travel?

Answer 28

by water

Question 29

how was coal transported from Newcasale to London? how was this protected?

Answer 29

via the east coast - CI ensured the Royal Navy protected this route

Question 30

what was the issue with travelling by river?

Answer 30

most rivers not navigable for entire length, but work had begun on dredging and widening in Tudor times

Question 31

when had work begun on dredging and widening rivers?

Answer 31

Tudor times

Question 32

which rivers were used to transport agricultural and manufactured goods by 1700?

Answer 32

- the Severn (SW) - the Thames (SE) - the Ouse (N)

Question 33

by what year were the Severn, Thames and Ouse used to transport agricultural and manufactured goods?

Answer 33

1700

Question 34

national markets did not dominate the economy until...

Answer 34

the 18th/19th centuries

Question 35

did most farmers supply national or local markets

Answer 35

local

Question 36

did national markets develop in Scotland or Ireland?

Answer 36

no

Question 37

why didn't national markets develop in Ireland?

Answer 37

colonial possession -England reluctant to invest in it

Question 38

how did the London market affect the price of agricultural goods?

Answer 38

price of agricultural goods in 1650 6x higher than in 1500

Question 39

how did the London market affect the brewing industry?

Answer 39

London brewers regularly outbid nearby towns for barley for brewing beer- destroyed brewing industry in nearby towns

Question 40

how did the London market affect the resources of other communities?

Answer 40

drained resourced of other communities - reduced standard of living

Question 41

how did the London market affect the South East?

Answer 41

- drained resources of other communities - increased price of agricultural goods - destroyed brewing industries in surrounding towns