T4: Development of national markets Flashcards
what are national markets?
goods being transported and sold further than the local area (approx. 20 miles)
what led to an increased demand for food?
growth in towns across England
what did growth in towns across England lead to an increased demand for?
food
stat for increased demand for food
shipments of grain to the City of London via the Thames rose from 500,000 quarters in 1605 to 1,150,000 quarters in 1661
what did the transportation of food around the country necessitate?
better roads and specialist merchants who would source the stock to be taken to market
what would specialist merchants do?
source stock to be taken to markets
what is a market garden?
a specialist producer of fruit + veg close to London
where were some market gardens located?
Fulham, Battersea, Whitechapel (all agricultural areas)
why did the London market thrive?
because of the abundance of agricultural land nearby, as far away as Oxfordshire - easily accessible via the Thames
what 2 factors facilitated the growth of national markets?
- improved road transport
- improved water transport
when did roads become improved? why?
after 1650 - demand for goods made it necessary
before 1650, how were roads maintained?
responsibility of local parishes and generally in poor repair (apart from Roman roads)
what act allowed the creation of new toll roads by merchants and businessmen?
Turnpike Act 1663
what was the impact of the Turnpike Act 1663
toll helped pay for upkeep of roads - improved road transport
what was the Turnpike Act 1663?
allowed merchants and businessmen to create new toll roads
what year was the first Turnpike Act?
1663
how did improved roads impact the national market?
linked major market towns
what development improved communication?
development of the stage coach
when did the first coaches from London to Bristol and Bath appear?
1657
who published the first road atlas? what year?
John Ogilby 1675
details of first road atlas?
- John Ogilby
- 1675
- 300 pages
- covered all of England and Wales
- mapped 7,500 miles of road
when was the first road atlas published?
1675
what countries did the first road atlas cover?
all of England and Walesh
how many pages was the first road atlas?
300
how many miles of road did the first road atlas cover?
7,500 miles
what was though of John Ogilby’s road atlas?
well regarded for accuracy, became essential reading for merchants by 1700
what did John Ogilby publish in 1675?
the first road atlas
what was often the easiest way to travel?
by water
how was coal transported from Newcasale to London? how was this protected?
via the east coast - CI ensured the Royal Navy protected this route
what was the issue with travelling by river?
most rivers not navigable for entire length, but work had begun on dredging and widening in Tudor times
when had work begun on dredging and widening rivers?
Tudor times
which rivers were used to transport agricultural and manufactured goods by 1700?
- the Severn (SW)
- the Thames (SE)
- the Ouse (N)
by what year were the Severn, Thames and Ouse used to transport agricultural and manufactured goods?
1700
national markets did not dominate the economy until…
the 18th/19th centuries
did most farmers supply national or local markets
local
did national markets develop in Scotland or Ireland?
no
why didn’t national markets develop in Ireland?
colonial possession -England reluctant to invest in it
how did the London market affect the price of agricultural goods?
price of agricultural goods in 1650 6x higher than in 1500
how did the London market affect the brewing industry?
London brewers regularly outbid nearby towns for barley for brewing beer- destroyed brewing industry in nearby towns
how did the London market affect the resources of other communities?
drained resourced of other communities - reduced standard of living
how did the London market affect the South East?
- drained resources of other communities
- increased price of agricultural goods
- destroyed brewing industries in surrounding towns
