T4: Development of national markets Flashcards

1
Q

what are national markets?

A

goods being transported and sold further than the local area (approx. 20 miles)

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2
Q

what led to an increased demand for food?

A

growth in towns across England

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3
Q

what did growth in towns across England lead to an increased demand for?

A

food

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4
Q

stat for increased demand for food

A

shipments of grain to the City of London via the Thames rose from 500,000 quarters in 1605 to 1,150,000 quarters in 1661

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5
Q

what did the transportation of food around the country necessitate?

A

better roads and specialist merchants who would source the stock to be taken to market

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6
Q

what would specialist merchants do?

A

source stock to be taken to markets

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7
Q

what is a market garden?

A

a specialist producer of fruit + veg close to London

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8
Q

where were some market gardens located?

A

Fulham, Battersea, Whitechapel (all agricultural areas)

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9
Q

why did the London market thrive?

A

because of the abundance of agricultural land nearby, as far away as Oxfordshire - easily accessible via the Thames

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10
Q

what 2 factors facilitated the growth of national markets?

A
  • improved road transport
  • improved water transport
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11
Q

when did roads become improved? why?

A

after 1650 - demand for goods made it necessary

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12
Q

before 1650, how were roads maintained?

A

responsibility of local parishes and generally in poor repair (apart from Roman roads)

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13
Q

what act allowed the creation of new toll roads by merchants and businessmen?

A

Turnpike Act 1663

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14
Q

what was the impact of the Turnpike Act 1663

A

toll helped pay for upkeep of roads - improved road transport

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15
Q

what was the Turnpike Act 1663?

A

allowed merchants and businessmen to create new toll roads

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16
Q

what year was the first Turnpike Act?

A

1663

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17
Q

how did improved roads impact the national market?

A

linked major market towns

18
Q

what development improved communication?

A

development of the stage coach

19
Q

when did the first coaches from London to Bristol and Bath appear?

20
Q

who published the first road atlas? what year?

A

John Ogilby 1675

21
Q

details of first road atlas?

A
  • John Ogilby
  • 1675
  • 300 pages
  • covered all of England and Wales
  • mapped 7,500 miles of road
22
Q

when was the first road atlas published?

23
Q

what countries did the first road atlas cover?

A

all of England and Walesh

24
Q

how many pages was the first road atlas?

25
how many miles of road did the first road atlas cover?
7,500 miles
26
what was though of John Ogilby's road atlas?
well regarded for accuracy, became essential reading for merchants by 1700
27
what did John Ogilby publish in 1675?
the first road atlas
28
what was often the easiest way to travel?
by water
29
how was coal transported from Newcasale to London? how was this protected?
via the east coast - CI ensured the Royal Navy protected this route
30
what was the issue with travelling by river?
most rivers not navigable for entire length, but work had begun on dredging and widening in Tudor times
31
when had work begun on dredging and widening rivers?
Tudor times
32
which rivers were used to transport agricultural and manufactured goods by 1700?
- the Severn (SW) - the Thames (SE) - the Ouse (N)
33
by what year were the Severn, Thames and Ouse used to transport agricultural and manufactured goods?
1700
34
national markets did not dominate the economy until...
the 18th/19th centuries
35
did most farmers supply national or local markets
local
36
did national markets develop in Scotland or Ireland?
no
37
why didn't national markets develop in Ireland?
colonial possession -England reluctant to invest in it
38
how did the London market affect the price of agricultural goods?
price of agricultural goods in 1650 6x higher than in 1500
39
how did the London market affect the brewing industry?
London brewers regularly outbid nearby towns for barley for brewing beer- destroyed brewing industry in nearby towns
40
how did the London market affect the resources of other communities?
drained resourced of other communities - reduced standard of living
41
how did the London market affect the South East?
- drained resources of other communities - increased price of agricultural goods - destroyed brewing industries in surrounding towns