T1: Civil War 1642-9 Flashcards
when did the Civil War begin?
Aug 1642
who had the advantage at the beginning of the war? why?
Charles - support of nobility and gentry and more experience
example of an early Royalist victory?
Battle of Edgehill, Oct 1642
what agreement did Parl sign with the Scots and when?
June 1643 - Pym signed the Solemn League and Covenant
what did the Solemn League and Covenant do?
Gave Parl support of Scottish forces up North
example of Parliamentary victory as result of support from Scots?
victory at Marston Moor July 1644
when did Pym die?
dec 1643
when does Parliament first have the advantage in the war?
end of 1644
what failed peace talks took place in Jan 1645?
Uxbridge peace talks
what did Parl demand at Uxbridge?
significant concessions
- approving military commanders
- approving education and marriage of king’s children
when were the failed peace talks at Uxbridge?
jan 1645
when was the NMA created?
Feb 1645
what led to creation of the NMA?
poor performances by Parls military leaders –> self-denying ordinance
details of NMA?
- 22,000 men led by Thomas Fairfax
- better training
- better leadership
- better discipline
example of Parliamentary victory due to NMA?
Battle of Naseby June 1645
when and where did Charles surrender to the Scots?
April 1646, Newcastle
when did Parl offer Charles the Newcastle Proposals?
July 1646
what demands were in the Newcastle Proposals?
- Bishops abolished
- Presbyterian Church established for 3yrs
how did CI respond to the Newcastle proposals?
delayed responding
when and why did the NMA emerge as a political rival?
June 1647 - parl voted to dissolve the NMA w/o pay
what radical group had much support within the NMA?
Levellers
what did Levellers believe in?
- universal male suffrage
- toleration
when did the army present CI with the Heads of Proposals?
Aug 1647
what was the content of the Heads of Proposals?
- biennial Parls
- continuation of Bishops with restriction on powers
