T1: The Rest of Charles II's Reign

Question 1

What years was the second Anglo-Dutch war?

Answer 1

1665-7

Question 2

On what river were English ships destroyed in 1667?

Answer 2

Medway River

Question 3

When were English ships destroyed on the Medway River in the second Anglo-Dutch war?

Answer 3

1667

Question 4

did the Second Anglo-Dutch War have popular support?

Answer 4

yes, although war was badly managed with humiliating defeats

Question 5

The Plague

Answer 5

1665

Question 6

conspiracy theory about the plague?

Answer 6

was the work of the king’s Catholic advisors

Question 7

The Great Fire of London

Answer 7

1666

Question 8

conspiracy theory about the Great Fire of London?

Answer 8

started by Papists plotting to seize power

Question 9

what proportion of London died of the plague?

Answer 9

1/3

Question 10

in what way did the Great Fire of London help CII?

Answer 10

he played a role in stopping the fire which increased his popularity

Question 11

who was blamed for the loss of the war, the plague and the fire?

Answer 11

Edward Hyde

Question 12

what was Edward Hyde replaced by in the Privy Council?

Answer 12

the Cabal

Question 13

Appointment of the Cabal (replaced Edward Hyde, opposed war)

Answer 13

1667

Question 14

impact of Edward Hyde and the Cabal?

Answer 14

positive - CII had found a scapegoat, clean slate with the Cabal.
2 members of the Cabal were Catholic BUT this was a secret, so fine. pretty stable at this point.

Question 15

James, Duke of York, converts publicly to Catholicism

Answer 15

1668

Question 16

Treaty of Dover

Answer 16

1670

Question 17

what was the Treaty of Dover?

Answer 17

• treaty signed with French
• committed England to further war w/ Dutch
• contained SECRET clause- CII to declare conversion to Catholicism and would receive pension from French so wouldn’t be dependent on Parl

Question 18

impact of Treaty of Dover?

Answer 18

• confirmed CII’s Catholic leanings :(
• BUT political nation didn’t known about secret clause, although some suspicion about funds
• Parl supported to increase commercial interests

Question 19

Charles’ second Declaration of Indulgence

Answer 19

1672

Question 20

problem with CII’s 2nd Declaration of Indulgence?

Answer 20

• included Catholics
• based on claim that he could ‘dispense with the law’ but this didn’t really extend to whole sections of the population
• therefore was a challenge to the rule of law

Question 21

impact of CII’s 2nd Dec of Indulgence?

Answer 21

v. unpopular, although no widespread rebellions

Question 22

Stop of the Exchequer- CII suspended repayments to his creditors

Answer 22

1672

Question 23

impact of Stop of the Exchequer on stability?

Answer 23

not good - damaged trust in economy and king, and had to call parliament anyway!

Question 24

Charles had to recall Parl due to financial needs e.g. to fund new A-D war

Answer 24

1673

Question 25

Second DofI withdrawn

Answer 25

1673

Question 26

Charles attempted to pass legislation for religious toleration, blocked by HofL

Answer 26

March 1673

Question 27

Test Act passed?

Answer 27

1673

Question 28

what was the Test Act?

Answer 28

holders of public office had to deny key Catholic doctrines

Question 29

who resigned from posts as a result of 1673 Test Act?

Answer 29

- Lord Treasurer Clifford - King's brother James as Lord Admiral

Question 30

Earl of Danby appointed as Treasurer (v. Anglican)

Answer 30

1673

Question 31

why did CII appoint Danby as Treasurer?

Answer 31

- realised he had overstepped his mark with 2nd Dec of I - Danby v. Anglican - increased Charles' Protestant credentials

Question 32

Marriage of William and William of Orange

Answer 32

1677

Question 33

Why does CII appoint Danby as Lord Treasurer?

Answer 33

to increase his Protestant credentials

Question 34

what were Danby's policies, what were their impact?

Answer 34

- promoted Protestantism and forming Protestant allies (e.g. Dutch). - these were popular but Danby offended many in Parl

Question 35

what party did Danby create?

Answer 35

the king's party in the Commons - soon known as the 'Tory' party

Question 36

what opposition to Danby's king's party emerged?

Answer 36

Shaftesbury's Whigs

Question 37

The Popish Plot

Answer 37

Aug 1678- 1681

Question 38

which Anglican priest started rumours of the Popish Plot?

Answer 38

Titus Oates

Question 39

what was the Popish Plot?

Answer 39

rumoured Jesuit + French plot to kill King and replace with catholic brother

Question 40

impact of the Popish Plot?

Answer 40

fuelled anti-Catholic hysteria + led to execution of government officials and nobles - destabilised the government

Question 41

Parl attempt to impeach Danby after Popish Plot

Answer 41

1678 + 1679

Question 42

what was the outcome for Danby?

Answer 42

sent to Tower of London for 5 years

Question 43

significance of downfall of Danby

Answer 43

destabilised government as conflict over a minister, but CII reluctantly bends to their will

Question 44

The first Exclusion Bill passes the Commons, but is prevented from going into Lords when CII dissolves Parl

Answer 44

1679

Question 45

new Exclusion Bill presented by new Parl. defeated in Lords (pressure and personal attendance to debates by king)

Answer 45

1680

Question 46

Charles was financially independent due to French subsidies by...

Answer 46

1681

Question 47

Parl held in Oxford. Whigs pass another Exclusion bill, CII dissolves Parl and orders Shaftesbury's arrest for treason. Last Parl for remaining 4yrs of reign

Answer 47

1681

Question 48

Rye House Plot

Answer 48

April 1683

Question 49

what was the Rye House Plot?

Answer 49

old Cromwellian soldiers plotted to kill CII at Rye House and replace with Monmouth

Question 50

what was the impact of the Rye House Plot?

Answer 50

gave CII an excuse to destroy remaining Whig leaders who had knowledge of the Plot. was able to avoid calling Parl for remainder of reign

Question 51

Second Stuart Personal Rule

Answer 51

1683-5

Question 52

what did CII do during his Personal Rule? what was the effect of this?

Answer 52

recalled and revised borough charters - meant able to pack future Parliaments full of compliant Tories. Meant JII received a cooperative Parliament who granted him a generous financial settlement