T33 - Mammals

Question 1

What is the basic body plan of mammals?

Answer 1

Four legged terrestrial animals

Question 2

Fill in this sentence: mammals are covered in _ _ _ _ and secrete _ _ _ _ through their _ _ _ _ _ _ glands

Answer 2

hair, milk, mammary

Question 3

Where do the three middle ear bones of mammals come from?

Answer 3

“leftover” jaw bones

Question 4

T/F: Because mammals release heat, they are exothermic.

Answer 4

FALSE. They regulate their own body temperature, and are therefore endothermic.

Question 5

What two features of the mammal body contribute to a high metabolic rate?

Answer 5

1. the four-chambered heart
2. endothermy

Question 6

What are the two parts of the mammal jaw joint?

Answer 6

dentary and squamosal

Question 7

What are the three characteristics of human teeth? Hint: various teeth for various diets is one of them.

Answer 7

1. variety of teeth
2. occluding closely (contact with each other)
3. two sets over their lifespan

Question 8

What makes the brains of mammals different than other vertebrates of the same sized-body?

Answer 8

LARGER brains

Question 9

secondary palate

Answer 9

the bone partition between the nasal and oral cavities, allows for simulatenous chewing and breathing

Question 10

What are the identifying characteristics of monotremes, such as echinas and platypi?

Answer 10

1. lay eggs
2. provide milk to young
3. no nipples
4. have cloacas

Question 11

shared, derived traits of marsupials AND eutherians include:
1. _ _ _ parous
2. _ _ _ provides initial nourishment to the embryo
3. post-birth nursing/nourishment through _ _ _ _ from _ _ _ _

Answer 11

1. viviparous (give birth to live young)
2. placenta
3. milk, nipples

Question 12

At what point do marsupial young crawl to their mother’s pouch?

Answer 12

after they had been born as partially-developed embryos

Question 13

T/F: one of the shared, derived traits of marsupials is their intromittent organ, which differs from eutherians

Answer 13

FALSE. both sexes of marsupials have cloacas

Question 14

What is the purpose of a marsupial pouch? not all species have it, what is the alternative in some species?

Answer 14

milk glands, nipples, protection for development.

some species have their young hang onto their fur

Question 15

Which has the most complex placenta, monotremes, marsupials, or eutherians?

Answer 15

EUTHERIANS

monotremes DO NOT have placenta, marsupial placenta is simple because they birth partially-developed embryos to finish development in the pouch

Question 16

T/F: instead of a cloaca, eutherians have separate urinary and anal openings

Answer 16

TRUE

Question 17

clade afrotheria

Answer 17

african mammals that diversified in africa

Question 18

clade zenathrea

Answer 18

mammals that evolved in south america

Question 19

euarchontoglires

Answer 19

not associated with a particular geographic region,

includes RODENTIA and PRIMATES

Question 20

laurasiatheria

Answer 20

Eurasian and North American diverse clades

Question 21

Fill int he following shared, derived traits of primates:
1. hands and feet adapted for _ _ _ _
2. _ _ _ _ brain and _ _ _ _ jaws
3. _ _ _ _
4. complex _ _ _ _ _ behaviour, _ _ _ _ _ _ care

Answer 21

1. grasping
2. large brain, short jaws
3. forward-facing eyes
4. complex social behaviour, parental care

Question 22

What are the three extant groups of primates?

Answer 22

lemurs/lorises/bush babies, tarsiers, and anthropoids

Question 23

What is the difference between old world and new world monkeys?

Answer 23

• old world: first evolution, found in africa and asia
• new world: south america

Question 24

what is another word for homonoids?

Answer 24

apes

Question 25

what are the differences between homonoids and monkeys?

Answer 25

• no tails
• large brains

Question 26

gibbons

Answer 26

lesser apes

Question 27

name some examples of hominids

Answer 27

great apes, orangutans, gorrillas, chimpanzees, bonobos, humans

Question 28

what are some factors that contribute to the endangerment of great apes?

Answer 28

habitat loss

illegal hunting