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BIOL 108 > T17 - Angiosperms > Flashcards

T17 - Angiosperms Flashcards

1
Q

What are the phyla under Angiosperms?

A

Anthophyta

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2
Q

What are the shared, derived traits of angiosperms?

A

3Fs:

  • Flowers
  • Fruits
  • Double Fertilization
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3
Q

Sepals

A

sterile modified leaves

encloses the flower

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4
Q

petals

A

sterile, modified leaves

attact pollinators with bright colours

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5
Q

stamen

A

reproductive modified leaves

produces pollen

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6
Q

carpels

A

reproductive, modified leaves that produce ovules

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7
Q

Components of a stamen

A

filament (stalk) + anther (microsporangia/pollen sacs + pollen)

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8
Q

components of a carpel

A

ovary + style (stalk) + stigma (receives pollen

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9
Q

Complete flowers

A

contain all four floral organs:
* sepals
* petals
* stamens
* carpels

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10
Q

Inflorescences

A

clusters of flowers

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11
Q

What are the two cells in male gametophytes for angiosperms?

A

generative cell (sperm nuclei) + tube cell (pollen tube)

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12
Q

Pistil

A

fused carpels

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13
Q

how many pollen sacs per anther

A

2-4 pollen sacs

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14
Q

how are the male gametophye cells formed in angiosperms?

A

through the mitosis of microspores

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15
Q

how many megaspores does the megasporocyte in angiosperms produce? how many of these megaspores survive?

A

4, 1

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16
Q

How do megasporocytes become megaspores?

A

meiosis

17
Q

How many cells does a female gametophyte in angiosperms have? which one has a polar nuclei?

A

7 cells, the large central one has 2 nuclei

18
Q

polar nuclei

A

two nuclei found in the large central cell of an angiosperm megaspore

19
Q

pollination definition in angiosperms

A

the transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma

20
Q

what are the steps that happen when pollination in angiospem succeed?

A

in SUCCESSFUL contact,
1. tube cell –> pollen tube
2. generative cell –> mitosis –> sperm nuclei
3. tube grows down, sperm nuclei are introduced to ovule
4. double fertilization

21
Q

How many sperm nuclei are discharged into the ovule?

A

TWO (2)

22
Q

Explain the process of seed development after fertilization.

Start withthe developed triploid endosperm.

A
  1. endosperm –> mitosis –> food tissues
  2. endosperm gets nutrients from megagametophyte
  3. either endosperm stores nutrients (most monocots and some eudicots)
  4. OR nutrients are exported to cotyledon (some eudicots)
  5. zygote forms
23
Q

What are the components of a zygote?

A

elongated embryo + cotyledons + shoots + roots

24
Q

What part of the flower becomes the fruit that encloses the seeds?

A

The ovary thickens and matures

25
Q

What are the two functions of fruit?

A
  1. protecting seeds
  2. assisting seed dispersal via wind, water, animals.
26
Q

What are the two types of fruit? What are their differences?

A
  1. dry
  2. fleshy (thick, soft, and sweet)
27
Q

T/F: Even if the egg is singularly fertilized, nutrient stores and energy can still develop in angiosperms.

A

FALSE. There are no wasted resources, and nutrient stores only develop after double fertilization.

28
Q

T/F: In angiosperm fertilization, female gametophytes are greatly reduced in size, and remain incredibly small.

A

FALSE. They ARE relatively reduced in size, BUT can have rapid growth.

29
Q

T/F: Fruit develops in angiosperms ONLY when there is double fertilization.

A

TRUE

30
Q

Name the 2 abiotic and 1 biotic ways angiosperms spread pollen. How rare is each method?

A

Abiotic:
* water (rare)
* wind (20%)

Biotic:
* animals (80%)

31
Q

What % of plants are pollinated by insects?

A

65%

32
Q

Name the attractive qualities of flowers that entice each of these pollinators:
* Bees
* Moths and butterflies
* Flies
* Bats
* Birds

A
  • Bees: bright (yellow and blue) colours)
  • Moths and butterflies: sweet scent, bright or light-coloured
  • Flies: red, rotting smells
  • Bats: light-coloured, highly aromatic
  • Birds: bright reds or yellows, little scent
33
Q

What is the prominent pollinator?

A

Bees

34
Q

Coevolution

A

the joint evolution of interacting species

35
Q

What is evidence of coevolution in angiosperms?

A

the shape and sizes of flowers corresponding with the pollen-transporting parts of animals

36
Q

Darwin’s orchid

A

moth-polinnated plant whose nectar spurs are as long as the length of teh hawk-moth tongue

37
Q

What are the two asexual means of angiosperm reproduction?

A
  1. Fragmentation (separation of parent plant into parts)
  2. Apomixis production of seeds from a diploid without fertilization
38
Q

Vegetative reproduction

A

asexual reproduction of angiosperms

39
Q
A

BIOL 108 (23 decks)

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