T17 - Angiosperms

Question 1

What are the phyla under Angiosperms?

Answer 1

Anthophyta

Question 2

What are the shared, derived traits of angiosperms?

Answer 2

3Fs:

• Flowers
• Fruits
• Double Fertilization

Question 3

Sepals

Answer 3

sterile modified leaves

encloses the flower

Question 4

petals

Answer 4

sterile, modified leaves

attact pollinators with bright colours

Question 5

stamen

Answer 5

reproductive modified leaves

produces pollen

Question 6

carpels

Answer 6

reproductive, modified leaves that produce ovules

Question 7

Components of a stamen

Answer 7

filament (stalk) + anther (microsporangia/pollen sacs + pollen)

Question 8

components of a carpel

Answer 8

ovary + style (stalk) + stigma (receives pollen

Question 9

Complete flowers

Answer 9

contain all four floral organs:
* sepals
* petals
* stamens
* carpels

Question 10

Inflorescences

Answer 10

clusters of flowers

Question 11

What are the two cells in male gametophytes for angiosperms?

Answer 11

generative cell (sperm nuclei) + tube cell (pollen tube)

Question 12

Pistil

Answer 12

fused carpels

Question 13

how many pollen sacs per anther

Answer 13

2-4 pollen sacs

Question 14

how are the male gametophye cells formed in angiosperms?

Answer 14

through the mitosis of microspores

Question 15

how many megaspores does the megasporocyte in angiosperms produce? how many of these megaspores survive?

Answer 15

4, 1

Question 16

How do megasporocytes become megaspores?

Answer 16

meiosis

Question 17

How many cells does a female gametophyte in angiosperms have? which one has a polar nuclei?

Answer 17

7 cells, the large central one has 2 nuclei

Question 18

polar nuclei

Answer 18

two nuclei found in the large central cell of an angiosperm megaspore

Question 19

pollination definition in angiosperms

Answer 19

the transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma

Question 20

what are the steps that happen when pollination in angiospem succeed?

Answer 20

in SUCCESSFUL contact,
1. tube cell –> pollen tube
2. generative cell –> mitosis –> sperm nuclei
3. tube grows down, sperm nuclei are introduced to ovule
4. double fertilization

Question 21

How many sperm nuclei are discharged into the ovule?

Answer 21

TWO (2)

Question 22

Explain the process of seed development after fertilization.

Start withthe developed triploid endosperm.

Answer 22

1. endosperm –> mitosis –> food tissues
2. endosperm gets nutrients from megagametophyte
3. either endosperm stores nutrients (most monocots and some eudicots)
4. OR nutrients are exported to cotyledon (some eudicots)
5. zygote forms

Question 23

What are the components of a zygote?

Answer 23

elongated embryo + cotyledons + shoots + roots

Question 24

What part of the flower becomes the fruit that encloses the seeds?

Answer 24

The ovary thickens and matures

Question 25

What are the two functions of fruit?

Answer 25

1. protecting seeds 2. assisting seed dispersal via wind, water, animals.

Question 26

What are the two types of fruit? What are their differences?

Answer 26

1. dry 2. fleshy (thick, soft, and sweet)

Question 27

T/F: Even if the egg is singularly fertilized, nutrient stores and energy can still develop in angiosperms.

Answer 27

FALSE. There are no wasted resources, and nutrient stores only develop after double fertilization.

Question 28

T/F: In angiosperm fertilization, female gametophytes are greatly reduced in size, and remain incredibly small.

Answer 28

FALSE. They ARE relatively reduced in size, BUT can have rapid growth.

Question 29

T/F: Fruit develops in angiosperms ONLY when there is double fertilization.

Answer 29

TRUE

Question 30

Name the 2 abiotic and 1 biotic ways angiosperms spread pollen. How rare is each method?

Answer 30

Abiotic: * water (rare) * wind (20%) Biotic: * animals (80%)

Question 31

What % of plants are pollinated by insects?

Answer 31

65%

Question 32

Name the attractive qualities of flowers that entice each of these pollinators: * Bees * Moths and butterflies * Flies * Bats * Birds

Answer 32

* Bees: bright (yellow and blue) colours) * Moths and butterflies: sweet scent, bright or light-coloured * Flies: red, rotting smells * Bats: light-coloured, highly aromatic * Birds: bright reds or yellows, little scent

Question 33

What is the prominent pollinator?

Answer 33

Bees

Question 34

Coevolution

Answer 34

the joint evolution of interacting species

Question 35

What is evidence of coevolution in angiosperms?

Answer 35

the shape and sizes of flowers corresponding with the pollen-transporting parts of animals

Question 36

Darwin's orchid

Answer 36

moth-polinnated plant whose nectar spurs are as long as the length of teh hawk-moth tongue

Question 37

What are the two asexual means of angiosperm reproduction?

Answer 37

1. Fragmentation (separation of parent plant into parts) 2. Apomixis production of seeds from a diploid without fertilization

Question 38

Vegetative reproduction

Answer 38

asexual reproduction of angiosperms