T18-Fungi

Question 1

What is the shared common protist ancestor between fungi and animals

Answer 1

single celled protist with posterior flagella

Question 2

What are the three shared, derived traits of fungi

Answer 2

1. absorptive nutrition (ansorptive chemoheterotrophy
2. hyphae and mycelia
3. chitinous cell wall

Question 3

How do fungi engage in absorptive heterotrophy?

Answer 3

secretion of enzymes to breakdown complex molecules to smaller organic compounds

Question 4

external digestion

Answer 4

the breakdown of complex molecules to smaller ones

Question 5

What are the substances that fungi digest from…
1. plants tissues
2. animal tissues

Answer 5

1. plant: cellulose, lignin
2. animal: chitin, keratin

Question 6

non-motile

Answer 6

using growth rather than moving to find and obtain food

Question 7

hyphae

Answer 7

multicellular, cylindrical, and branched filaments that absorb nutrients

Question 8

mycellium

Answer 8

a network of hyphae

Question 9

Which fungi does not produce hyphae?

Answer 9

yeasts

Question 10

What is the evolution of yeasts? where did they descen from?

Answer 10

Types of yeasts evolved independently from hyphae-forming ancestors

Question 11

what makes hyphar/mycellium effective at absorbing nutrients?

Answer 11

• Hyphae are multicellular, thin, and long.
• grow at tips (long)
• mycellium maximizes surface areas/volume ratio
• protected by chitin

Question 12

Coenocytic

Answer 12

AKA aseptate

hyphae with a continuous compartment (no walls in between nuclei

Question 13

Septa

Answer 13

hyphae with walls in between nuclei

Question 14

T/F: 50% of all fungi are coenocytic

Answer 14

FALSE. Most fungal species are septate

Question 15

Are each of these species haploid or diploid?
1. mycelia
2. spores

Answer 15

1. mycelia: 1n
2. spores: 1n

Question 16

T/F: Spores can only be produced asexually, through mitosis

Answer 16

FALSE. spores can also be produced through sexual reproduction (cell fusion and meiosis

Question 17

What is main difference between the life cycle of fungi vs other eukaryotic organisms?

Answer 17

plasmogamy and karyogamy are separated

Question 18

plasmogamy

Answer 18

the separate process of the fusion of cytoplasm

this process is separate in fungi

Question 19

karyogamy

Answer 19

the separate process of the fusion of nuclei. this is the final step in the creation of a zygote

this process is separated from plasmogamy in fungi

Question 20

Monokaryotic

Answer 20

singular nuclei

Question 21

homokaryotic

Answer 21

multiple, identical nuclei

Question 22

heterokaryon

Answer 22

where haploid nuclei coexist in the mycelium

Question 23

dikaryotic mycelium

Answer 23

where there are two nuclei per cell during mitosis

Question 24

what cell processes do zygotes undergo to produce spores?

Answer 24

meiosis

Question 25

T/F: the fusion of regular haploid nuclei (karyogamy) in fungi produce gametes, which in turn produces the zygote

Answer 25

FALSE. fungi do not have gametes. this focus makes the zygote

Question 26

What are the three methods of asexual reproduction in fungi?

Answer 26

1. fragmentation 2. budding 3. asexual spores (moulds)

Question 27

is kingdom fungi monophyletic, polyphyletic, or paraphyletic?

Answer 27

monophyletic

Question 28

What is the most close relative of fungi?

Answer 28

unicellular nucleariids