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BIOL 108 > T12 - Diversity of Protists > Flashcards

T12 - Diversity of Protists Flashcards

1
Q

Three clades within excavata

A
  1. diplomonads
  2. Parabasalids
  3. euglenozoans
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2
Q

What are characteristics of diplomonads and parabasalids?

  • how many cells?
  • nutritional mode?
  • characterizing difference?
  • ecological role?
A
  • unicellular, heterotrophic
  • have modified mitochondria
  • live in anaerobic environments
  • often parasites
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3
Q

Characteristics of euglenozoans as a whole

A

spiral/crystalline rods inside flagella

includes predatory heterotrophs, photoautotrophs, and parasites

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4
Q

two types of euglenozoans

A

kinetoplastids and euglenids

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5
Q

Kineoplastids

A

have kinetoplasts

heterotrophic

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6
Q

kinetoplasts

A

large masses of DNA

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7
Q

Euglenids

A

have 1-2 flagella at one end of the cell

mixotrophs (both AUTO and HETEROtrophs)

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8
Q

What is the evolutionary hypothesis of the SAR clade in terms of photosynthetic red alga?

A

secondary endosymbiosis: eukaryote inside eukaryote

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9
Q

What are the three clades within the SAR supergroup?

Is the SAR supergroup polyphyletic?

A
  1. Stramenopiles
  2. Alveolates
  3. Rhizarians

No, the SAR group is monophyletic.

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10
Q

3 types of stramenophiles

characteristics of stramenophiles

A

diatoms, brown algae, oomycetes

  • the S in SAR clade
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11
Q

characteristics of diatoms

A
  • Stramenophiles in the SAR clade
  • unicellular
  • diverse
  • marine phytoplankton
  • silica wall
  • both ace and sexual
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12
Q

characteristics of brown algae

A
  • Stramenophiles in the SAR clade
  • multicellular
  • seaweeds
  • no true roots, stems, or leaves
  • alternation of generations
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13
Q

what is special about the alternation of generations for brown algae stramenopiles?

A

the creation of zoopores
SEXUAL

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14
Q

Characteristics of oomycetes

A
  • Stramenophiles in the SAR clade
  • filamentous, but NOT FUNGI
  • heterotrophic
  • both sexual and asexual
  • decomposers and parasites
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15
Q

Characteristics of clade alveolata

A
  • the A in SAR clade
  • membrane-bound sacs (alveoli)
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16
Q

3 types of alveolates

A
  1. Dinoflagellates
  2. apicomplexans
  3. ciliates
17
Q

Characteristics of Dinoflagellates

A
  • alveolates in the SAR clade
  • two flagella and alveoli supports cellulose plates
  • diverse: aquatic photoautotrophs, chemoheterotrophs, mixotrophs
  • marine and freshwater phytoplankton
18
Q

Characteristics of apicomplexans

A
  • alveolates in the SAR clade
  • parasites
  • spread via sporozoites
  • require 2+ hosts
19
Q

sporozoites

A

the infectious cells that define apicomplexans

20
Q

zoospores

A

the spores brown algae specifically produce

21
Q

Characteristics of ciliates

A
  • alveolates in the SAR clade
  • use cilia to move and feed
  • ACE, but can conjugate
22
Q

Characteristics of Rhizarians

A
  • the R in SAR clade
  • most are amoebas with threadlike psydopodia
  • heterotrophs
23
Q

amoebas

A

protists that move and feed via pseudopodia

24
Q

psuedopodia

A

extensions of an amoeba’s cell surface

25
Q

Characteristics of archaeplastidia?

A
  • cell walls made of cellulose
26
Q

characteristics of the label “algae”

A
  • polyphyletic
  • single and multicellular
  • many are aquatic
27
Q

Characteristics of red algae

A
  • clade archaeplastidia
  • red via pigment
  • multicellular
  • sexual reproduction
28
Q

characteristics of green algae

A
  • clade archaeplastidia
  • paraphyletic
  • freshwater
  • evolved to plants
29
Q

two types of green algae

A
  1. chlorophytes
  2. charophytes (most related to land plants)
30
Q

characteristics of clade unikonta

A
  • heterotophic
  • most have one flagellum, some none
  • root remains unsolved
31
Q

two clades under unikonta

A
  1. amoebozoans
  2. opsthokonts
32
Q

characteristics of amoebozoans

A
  • in the unikonta clade
  • lobe/tube-like shaped pseudopodia
  • mostly unicellular, and can make multicellular structures
33
Q

What three groups are under amoebosoans?

A
  1. slime moulds
  2. tubulinids
  3. entamoebas
34
Q

Characteristics of slime moulds

A
  • part of amoebozoans in group unikonta
  • two types: plasmodial and cellular slime moulds
35
Q

plasmodial slime moulds

A
  • unicellular supercell
  • brightly pigmented
  • form a mass AKA plasmodium
36
Q

cellular slime moulds

A
  • multicellular aggregates - cells separate by membranes
37
Q

characteristics of tubulinids

A
  • part of amoebozoans in group unikonta
  • diverse
  • unicellular
  • lobe/tube-shaped pseudopodia
38
Q

characteristics of entamoebas

A
  • part of amoebozoans in group unikonta
  • intestinal parasites

BIOL 108 (23 decks)

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